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Fall 2013 Semester vii

Dr lehaz kakakhel
AIR UNIVERSITY
ISLAMABAD
ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PLANNING AND AUTOMATION
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BK. SIGUNTANG
TALANG RATU
SEDUDUK PUTIH
BOOM BARU
BUNGARAN SEI KEDUKAN
KERAMASAN
SEI JUARO
10 MVA
70 / 12 KV
15 MVA
70 / 12 KV
20 KV 12 KV
70 KV
TACSR 120 mm
2
= 7,2 Km
1 x 10 MVA
70 / 20 KV
20 KV 12 KV
1 x 5 MVA
70 / 12 KV
2 x 5 MVA
70 / 12 KV
TACSR 120 mm
2
= 4,7 Km
PLTG
2 x 14,5 MW
1 X 21,5 MW
PLTU
2 x 12,5 MW
10 MVA
70 / 12 KV
15 MVA
70 / 12 KV
2 x 100 MVA
150 / 12 KV
70 KV
150 KV
70 KV
70 KV
1 x 15 MVA
70 / 12 KV
1 x 15 MVA
70 / 12 KV
TACSR 2 X 120 mm
2
= 7,2 km ACSR 2 X 120 mm
2
= 4,2 Km
70 KV 70 KV 70 KV 70 KV
5 MVA
70 / 12 KV
12 KV 12 KV 12 KV
5 MVA
70 / 12 KV
10 MVA
70 / 12 KV
10 MVA
70 / 12 KV
15 MVA
70 / 20 KV
30 MVA
70 / 20 KV
ACSR 2 X 120 mm
2
= 10,1 Km ACSR 2 X 120 mm
2
= 10,8 Km
70 KV
1 x 20 MVA
70 / 12 KV
12 KV 20 KV
1 x 10 MVA
70 / 20 KV
1 x 16 MVA
12 / 6,3 KV
PLTG
1 x 14 MW
1 x 100 MVA
150 / 70 KV
IBT
IBT
70 KV
150 KV
BORANG
NGR 133
PLTD
2 x 12,5 MW
20 KV 20 KV
15 MVA
70 / 20 KV
15 MVA
70 / 20 KV
20 KV 20 KV
A
C
S
R

2

X

1
2
0

m
m
2

=

3
,
5

K
m
A
C
S
R

1
2
0

m
m
2

=

1
2
,
1
6
8

K
m
(
K
a
b
e
l
A
ir

=

1
,
8
3
2

K
m
)
NGR
PT PLN (PERSERO)
UPT
SUMBAGSEL
Aktivitas
Digambar
Diperiksa
Disetujui
Ukuran
Nama Tanggal Paraf
UPT PALEMBANG
Lokasi
Ir.Zainal Abidin
SINGLE LINE SISTEM 70 kV
PALEMBANG
UPT PALEMBANG
Engineering
Yayang, Aht
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GARDU INDUK SEDUDUK PUTIH
PT PLN (PERSERO)
UPT
PALEMBANG
Aktivitas
Digambar
Diperiksa
Disetujui
Ukuran
A4
Nama Tanggal Paraf
Lokasi : TRAGI BOOM BARU
800 A 800 A 800 A 800 A
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
10 KA 82 KV
TRAFO 15 MVA
FUJI ELECTRIC
69/11,5 KV
Imp. Voltage : 7,49 %
Vector Group :YNd 5
69/20TRAFO 30 MVA
UNINDO- 70/20 KV
Imp. Voltage : 11,42 %
Vector Group : YNYn0/
yNd5
150 / 5 A
10 KA 82 KV
1.000 / 5 A
200 / 0,1 mA 200 / 0,1 mA
PIPIT KUTILANG KASUARI MERAK PERKUTUT
REL I ( CUBICLE 12 kV FUJI / BREAKER FUJI )
REL 20 KV
100 / 5 A
100 KVA
12 / 0,4 KV
REL I 70 KV
REL II 70 KV
BMBRU II BMBRU I BORANG II BORANG I
PS.GI
800 A 800 A
SF. 6
1250 A
25 kA
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
10 KA
0,11
3
11
3
0,11
3
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
800 A
800 A
PMS Tanah
10 KA
82 KV
800 A
Line Trap
Phase : S
TRATU I
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
800 A
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
800 A
PMS Tanah
10 KA
82 KV
800 A
TRATU II
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
VCB
1250 A
25 kA
1.200 / 5 A
LA 10 kA
10 KA
10 KA
CENDRAWASIH MURAY MERPATI WALET
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
800 A
800 A
PMS Tanah
10 KA
82 KV
800 A
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
800 A
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
800 A
PMS Tanah
10 KA
82 KV
800 A
Line Trap
Phase : S
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
800 A
800 A
PMS Tanah
10 KA
82 KV
800 A
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
150 - 300 / 5 / 5 A
800 A
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
800 A
PMS Tanah
10 KA
82 KV
800 A
Line Trap
Phase : S
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
200 / 0,1 mA 200 / 0,1 mA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
300/5 A 300/5 A 300/5 A 300/5 A
0,11
3
69
3
0,11
3
OCB
1200 A
36,1 kA
OCB
1200 A
36,1 kA
1000/5 A
200 / 0,1 mA 200 / 0,1 mA 200 / 0,1 mA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
OCB
600 A
36,1 kA
300/5 A 300/5 A 300/5 A
PARKIT BEO
0,11
3
11
3
0,11
3
REL II ( CUBICLE 12 kV FUJI / BREAKER FUJI )
150 / 5 A
VCB
630 A
25 kA
150 / 5 A
VCB
630 A
25 kA
150 / 5 A
VCB
630 A
25 kA
150 / 5 A
VCB
630 A
25 kA
0,11
3
20
3
0,11
3
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
10 KA 82 KV
NGR 40
300 A
300 / 5 A
OCB
800 A
12,5 kA
150 / 5 A
KUTILANG
150 / 5 A
PARKIT
SIMENS SIMENS
VCB
800 A
25 kA
VCB
800 A
25 kA
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FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR BEST PLANNING A SYSTEM

1. What is the maximum capacity?

2. How do we determine this capacity?

3. What are the operating limits that must be satisfied?

4. What can be done to operate the distribution system within the
operating limits?

5. What can be done to make the distribution system operate more
efficiently?
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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PLANNING
System planning is essential to assure that the growing demand for electricity can be
satisfied by distribution system additions which are both technically adequate and
reasonably economical.
In the future, more than in the past, electric utilities will need a fast and economical planning
tool to evaluate the consequences of different proposed alternatives and their impact on the rest
of the system to provide the necessary economical, reliable, and safe electric energy to
consumers.
The objective of distribution system planning is to assure that the growing demand for
electricity, in terms of increasing growth rates and high load densities
FACTORS AFFECTING SYSTEM PLANNING
Load Forecasting
Substation Expansion
Substation Site Selection
primary voltage selection
number of feeders
conductor size selection
total cost
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LOAD FORECASTING
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SUBSTATION EXPANSION
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SUBSTATION SITE SELECTION
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Substation site selection procedure
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Other Factors
Once the load assignments to the substations are determined, then the remaining factors
affecting primary voltage selection, feeder route selection, number of feeders, conductor
size selection, and total cost
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A system performance analysis is done to determine whether the present system is capable of
handling the new load increase with respect to the companys criteria.

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
This analysis, constituting the second stage of the process, requires the use of tools such as a
distribution load flow program, a voltage profile, and a regulation program.
The acceptability criteria, representing the companys policies, obligations to the
consumers, and additional constraints can include:
1---Service continuity
3--The maximum allowable peak-load voltage drop to the most remote customer on
the secondary
2---The maximum allowable voltage dip occasioned by the starting of a motor of
specified starting current characteristics at the most remote point on the secondary
4--The maximum allowable peak load
5--Service reliability
Power losses
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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PLANNING IN THE FUTURE

FUTURE NATURE OF DISTRIBUTION PLANNING

Impacts of Load Management
The requirements of a successful load management program are specified by
Delgado [19] as follows:
1. It must be able to reduce demand during critical system load periods
2. It must result in a reduction in new generation requirements, purchased power,
and/or fuel costs.
3. It must have an acceptable cost/benefit ratio.
4. Its operation must be compatible with system design and operation.
5. It must operate at an acceptable reliability level.
6. It must have an acceptable level of customer convenience.
7. It must provide a benefit to the customer in the form of reduced rates or other
incentives.
Cost/Benefit Ratio for Innovation
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THE CENTRAL ROLE OF THE COMPUTER IN DISTRIBUTION PLANNING
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
future distribution systems will be more complex than those of today, which means
that the distribution system planners task will be more complex. If the systems
being planned are to be optimal with respect to construction cost, capitalization,
performance reliability, and operating efficiency, better planning and operation tools
are required. While it is impossible to foresee all the effects that technology will have
on the way in which distribution planning and engineering will be done, it is
possible to identify the major forces which are beginning to institute a change in the
methodology and extrapolate
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REFERENCES


Westinghouse Electric Corporation: Electric Utility Engineering Reference Book
Distribution Systems, vol. 3, East Pittsburgh, Pa, 1965

Energy Information Administration: Energy Data ReportsStatistics of Privately-Owned
Electric Utilities in the United States, U.S. Department of Energy, 19751978.

The National Electric Rliability Study: Technical Study Reports, U.S. Department of Energy,
DOE/EP-0005, Office of Emergency Operations, April 1981.

The National Power Grid Study, vol. 2, U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/ERA-0056-2,
Economic Regulatory Administration, Office of Utility Systems, September 1979.

Gnen, T., et al.: Toward Automated Distribution Systems Planning, Proceedings of the
IEEE Control of Power Systems Conference, Texas A&M University, College Station, Tex.,
Mar. 1921, 1979, pp.2330.

Munasinghe, M.: The Economics of Power System Reliability and Planning, Johns Hopkins,
Baltimore, 1979.