Where it All Begins

Concerns about the environment and development are not

new

Post- World War II

Many people consider 1962 as the year in which people

began to understand how closely lined the environment
and development truly are
The 50s and 60s
(A Period of Awakening)

!ondon "mog

Minamata #isease and other $ealth issues

"ilent "pring by %achel Carson

Population &omb by 'ohn (rlich

The Great London Smog
(1952)
Industrial revolution of the 19th
century in Britains major cities gave
a dramatic increase in air pollution.
Minnamata Disease

)eurological syndrome
caused by severe mercury
poisoning*

+irst discovered in
Minamata bay in 'apan in
1956*

It was caused by the

release o, methyl mercury
in the industrial wastewater
,rom nearby chemical
,actory -,rom 19.2 to
196/0*
As of March 2001, 2,265
victims had been
officially recognized
(1,78 deaths!
A"thor of #ilent #$ring, %achel &o"ise
'arson (as a (riter, scientist, and
ecologist
)rote the boo* calling for an end to
indiscriminate $esticide "se+
Emphasized the importance of changing
how we interact and perceive nature.
,ther -oo*s by her. /nder the #ea0)ind (111!, 2he #ea
Aro"nd /s (1152!, 2he 3dge of the #ea (1155!+
Silent Spring
(1962)
The Population Bomb
(1968)
-est #elling -oo* (ritten by Paul R. Ehrlich.
2he boo* sho(ed the lin* bet(een $o$"lation, reso"rce
e4$loitation and the im$act on environment+
5t $redicted disaster for h"manity d"e to over$o$"lation and the
6$o$"lation e4$losion6+
"in the 1970s and 1980s hundreds of millions of people will
starve to death
)ent on to say that nothing can be done to avoid mass famine
greater than any in the history, and radical action is needed to
limit the over$o$"lation+
The 70s
(Reaction)

"tarting o, 1"(P2-united state environmental protection

agency0

World "ummit on (nvironment 3 #evelopment

-"tocholm4 "weden0

"tarting o, 1)(P -united nation environmental protection

act0

Publication o, 5!imits to 6rowth7

First Earth Day
(April 22
nd
1970)
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Green !ea"e Mo#ement
(1971)

Radical
Environmentalist
Organization initiated in
Canada

!aunched an aggressive
agenda to stop
environmental damage
through civil protests and
non-violent inter,erence*
ther !uch organi"ations include Earth First and Friends of the Earth
The $0s
(Action)

World Commission on Environment and Development

-WC(#0

&rundtland %eport 8 59ur Common +uture7

:he coining o, Word 5"ustainable #evelopment7

;ienna Convention<Montreal protocol

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

&asel Convention
S%staina&le De#elo'ment
"..development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs"
(source: Our Common Future)
2he definition of s"stainable develo$ment (as first
$"blished in the -r"ndtland %e$ort (,"r 'ommon
7"t"re!

E#uitable development $hich meets the needs of the living
population and the future generations in harmony $ith the global
resource availability and natures carrying capacity
8,n it everyone yo" love, everyone yo"
*no(, everyone yo" ever heard of, every
h"man being (ho ever (as, lived o"t their
lives+
2he aggregate of o"r 9oy and s"ffering,
tho"sands of confident religions,
ideologies, and economic doctrines, every
h"nter and forager, every hero and co(ard,
every creator and destroyer of civilization,
every *ing and $easant, every yo"ng
co"$le in love, every mother and father,
ho$ef"l child, inventor and e4$lorer, every
teacher of morals, every corr"$t $olitician,
every 6s"$erstar,6 every 6s"$reme leader,6
every saint and sinner in the history of o"r
s$ecies lived there
0 'arl #agan
2his is o"r only :ome
;:as 125+8 -illion
acres of land and sea
;-ears a h"man
$o$"lation of more than
7 -illion
;Also $rovides life to
27 million other
s$ecies
;,nly <0+8 -illion acres
of land and sea is
"sable by h"mans and
the other s$ecies
(an )e go on*+

What about

9vercrowding=

Poverty=

Pollution=

%esource #epletion=
The ,i"io%s Triangle
=o$"lation
=overty =oll"tion
The Glo&al S"enario

World :rade grew ,rom 6 :rillion 1"# in 19>? to @@*/ :rillion 1"# in
2?1?

9nly 1@ A are enBoying C?A o, the world resources

:he Income 6ap is Widening

=o$"lation increased from
< bn in 1160 to 7 bn in 2011
-.tin"tions
The !o'%lation !/ramid
)orld =o$"lation is
)orld =o$"lation is
over 7 -illion
over 7 -illion
2he -ottom of the
2he -ottom of the
=o$"lation =yramid is
=o$"lation =yramid is
"nderserved
"nderserved
!o#ert/

:he &ottom o, the Pyramid

+0 -illion
(&o( 5ncome, "nderserved, de$rived !
170 Million rich
2+5 -illion
&ess than >1500
/> 1500020000
More than >20000
!oll%tion

What is pollution

9utcome o, any activity which disturbs the earthDs natural

eco systems

(nvironmental Pollution is threatening us with eEtinction*

!oll%tion

2bout @? A o, deaths worldwide are caused by pollution

(nvironmental degradation4 coupled with the population growth

contribute to the malnourishment -lac o, ,ood or poor Fuality o,
,ood0and disease susceptibility o, .*C billion people*

>C A o, the population is malnourished4 compared with 2? A o, a

world population o, 2*> billion in 19>?*

2ir alone pollution ills about . million people a year*

htt$.??(((+ne(s+cornell+ed"?stories?A"g07?more@iseases+sl+html
According to a s"rvey by =rof+ @avid =imentel,
/niversity of 'ornell++
0ther e11e"ts o1 -n#ironmental !oll%tion

6lobal Warming<6reen $ouse (,,ect<Climate Change

"tratospheric 9Gone !ayer #epletion

2cid %ain

Water "tress<Water Huality #egradation

"oil (rosion<"oil Contamination

:oEic #ischarges<$aGardous Materials

&io #iversity !oss

+ood "hortage<+ood Insecurity

%ater & availability ' #uality a rising issue
%ater & availability ' #uality a rising issue
If present consumption patterns continue, two out of every three
persons on Earth will live in water-stressed conditions by the year 2025!
2resh Water A#aila&ilit/
2a"ts

2lmost one ,i,th o, the worldIs
population -about 1*2 billion people0
live in areas where the water is
physically scarce*

Water scarcity a,,ects one in three

people on every continent o, the globe*
,vercons"m$tion of %eso"rces
Some 3eso%r"es We Are 2amiliar With

Water

2ir

"oil<!and

Minerals

9il

:rees <+orests

2nimals

(nergy -"olar4 :hermal4 (lectrical0

Consumption per Person Canada USA India World
CO2 emissions (tonnes/ year) 15.2 19.5 0.81 4.2
Purchasing power (!"/ year) 19#$20 22#1$0 1#150 $#800
%ehic&es per 100 peop&e 4' 5' 0.2 10
Paper consumption ((g/ year) 24' $1' 2 44
)ossi& energy use (*iga+ou&es/ year) 250 28' 5 5,
)resh water with-rawa&s (m$/ year) 1#,88 1#8,8 ,12 ,44
Ecological Footprint !" 5!# 0! #!$
%hectares& person'

Table 2.4 Consumption characteristics and Ecological Footprints o !arious countries and
"orld a!erage #Wac$ernagel and %ees &''()

From where do We get Resources?

!imitation o, resources in the world

%esources

Water .!!"# of the total water is available for use$

Raw material depleting$

Energy sources

%etroleum resources Ever &ncreasing Oil %rices$

Coal Depleting Coal 'ines$

(ydro power )ac* of Rain$

)o serious "care on "carce %esources* 5What do we do when we run out o,

oil<coal=7

What are the ey ,actors - Population Increase

- !i,e "tyle Change
4n'%ts to -nter'rises

2ny enterprise -manu,acturing or service0 consumes natural

resources

%aw materials -metals4 minerals 3 organics0

(nergy -,ossil ,uel-coal<oil4 electricity etc0

1tilities -water 3 air0

%esources can be renewable or non renewable

=rod"ction ? #ervice =rocess
%a( Materials
3nergy
)ater
7inished Aoods and #ervices
)aste )ater
#olid )aste
Air 3missions
!ro5e"ted a#aila&ilit/ o1
metals
The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies- 2009
1< Bears
In
5ndi"m
=redicted )orldCs 7e
s"$$ly 150 years
Li1e )itho%t 1ossil 1%els
Physical disturbance to the
landscape due to mining
!i"ai copper mine # Russia $
Ref% &rancis 'ottard
Solid Waste
Solid Waste
*
*
An E+e Sore or an ,pportunit+
An E+e Sore or an ,pportunit+
Waste 6 3eso%r"e in a Wrong
'la"e

!+ )itre of 'il*

In a Clean glass bottle - It is worth %s* >?*??

In the drain it is not worth a single cent

!e,t in the drain causes bad odour4 bacterial

growth4 increases &9# level

!+ )itre of Drin*ing water

In a Clean bottle - It worth %s* @?*??

In the drain it is not worth %s* @?*??4 but has a

less value ,or gardening

I, this water gets collected in a isolated place4 it

will be a breeding ground ,or MosFuitoes4 which
will ultimately cause a severe social <
(nvironmental impact
-./0.1 o the suppl+ is 2,ST 33
What a Waste !
What a Waste !

+,-.! # of te/tile production

+,-.! # of te/tile production
lost
lost

"! # of vegetable production

"! # of vegetable production
lost
lost

0!# of fish production is lost

0!# of fish production is lost

,!# of fruit production lost

,!# of fruit production lost
Abo"t ()* of $rod"cts are "sed only once
D :o( many dis$osable c"$s do yo" "se a dayE
D @o yo" re"se A =a$erE
D )hat ha$$ens to the 7l"orescent b"lbs after yo" re$lace
them (ith ne( onesE
Abo"t 99* of materials "sed in the $rod"ct are
discarded in first si4 (ee*s of "se
=lastic )ra$$ing, =a$er )ra$$ing, -"bble )ra$, 'ello
2a$e, 5n* "sed to $rint labels, Al"eF++
DID +, -.%/
Extraction and
Processing
of
Raw Material
Manufacturing
Packaging
Marketing
and
Transport
Use, Reuse &
Maintenance
of
Product
Recycling /Disposal
at
End of Life
#tages of
a
2y$ical
&ife 'ycle
DID +, -.%/
,ne 2onne
17 2rees
Aarbage @"m$E
Thin7 a&o%t this*8

We leave the 2ir conditioner on in a vacant room

0o$ is electricity generated /
Burn Fuel
:ydro =o(er
1
2
3 4reen house Effect 5 Increased 4lobal 6emperature
!
2
3 7cid 8ains
0ydro 1arbons 3 8espiratory disorders 5 lung disorders
Dust 3 7sthma
0igh 9onthly
Electricity Bill
ther Effects of 71s 3 ,se of 1F1 :"one depletion;
)e "se other eG"i$ment that cons"me electricity
;
'om$"ters
;
&ights
;
=hotoco$iers
;
7a4 Machines
;
%efrigerator
Each e#uipment $ill
impact the
environment in its
o$n $ay in addition to
the electricity
consumption
World is on a 'ath to
Destr%"tion
:hrough
$uman 2ctivity
Causing
$eavy (nvironmental Pollution
Which
$as eEceeded (arthDs :hreshold Capacity
1&t too* 2ritain half the resources of
the planet to achieve this prosperity.
(ow many planets will a country li*e
&ndia re3uire4
Sol%tions
:o meet the :otal %esource Consumption by the
growing population in 2?>?*

%educe %esource Consumption by a ,actor o, @<1?

9nderstand W:; We )aste

:he Problem is that we do not now

Where wastes occur

What are the wastes

$ow Much is wasted

1900 2100 2012 2050
-ased on c"rrent $rod"ction H cons"m$tion $atterns
.wo p&anets nee-e- /y 2050 to meet our appetite 0or
natura& resources
Find Four <lanets to provide resources
to meet human consumption===
Less &ad is <ot Good
-no%gh

%educing environmental impacts delays the reaction

%educing consumption o, non renewable raw materials

eEtends the availability

&ut one day our ,uture generations will su,,er because o,

them*
%hich of these people represents you/
9ur standard o, living is not Bust driven by economic
success4 but is also determined by the Fuality o, the
environment we live in J
2his the ,I&B (orld that (e and o"r f"t"re
generations haveJ
@o (e (ant to be blamed by the f"t"re
generations for destroying itJ
1900 2100 2012 2050
-ased on c"rrent $rod"ction H cons"m$tion $atterns
.wo p&anets nee-e- /y 2050 to meet our
appetite 0or natura& resources