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Understanding DWDM
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Traffic - The Future!
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The Optical Layer as the new mux
fabric
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WDM multiplexing technology:
The basis for Optical Networking
new layer is born: the Optical Layer
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Broadband Applications
Broadband Applications
IP
IP
ATM
ATM
SDH / SONET
SDH / SONET
Photonic layer: WDM
Photonic layer: WDM
The mainstream view
New proposals
Future Broadband Network Layers
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USA
74%
Europe
18%
Japan/Pac Rim
8%
ROW
0%
Geographical Distribution of
DWDM Technology 1996/1997
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USA
54%
Europe
25%
Japan/Pac Rim
14%
ROW
7%
Geographical Distribution of
DWDM Technology 2001/2002
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1310 nm/1550 nm TDM point-to-
point connections
with opto-electrical regenerators
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Classic WDM point-to-point
connection
with opto-electrical regenerators
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OFA basics
TDM point-to-point connections
with optical fiber amplifiers (OFAs)
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Transmission of multiple channels
using WDM systems
with 8, 16, 32, ... channels (multiplexing
of 2.5 Gbit/s signals)
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Power levels of the individual carriers
to ensure even power distribution over the entire bandwidth
to notice immediately whether any channels have dropped out
Channel wavelength / Channel spacing
to indicate possible wavelength shifts for individual laser sources
Signal-to-noise ratio
to ensure that error-free transmission is possible in each data channel
Overall power
to check the optical fiber amplifiers of the system
to check against safety limit of currently +17 dBm
Crosstalk
to provide a quality indication for the system components (couplers,
...)
DWDM test parameters
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DWDM spectrum and
corresponding test parameters

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W
D
M
W
D
M
TX
TX
TX
TX

1

n
OSA-155

1
...
n

1
...
n
OFA

n
RX
RX
RX
RX
OFA
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D N E T W O R K T E S T E R A N T - 2 0
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
F i b e r F O X W G O F T - 1 0
Ma in
S e t
?
S t a r t
S t o p
DWDM measurements with an
optical spectrum analyzer
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W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D
N E T W O R K T E S T E R
A N T - 2 0
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
F i b e r F O X
W G O F T - 1 0
Ma in
S e t
?
S t a r t
S t o p
OFA monitor output: 8 data signals and
ASE spurious spectrum
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DWDM system with the recommended
reference test points
from ITU-T Rec. G.692
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100 GHz channel grid in the range 1530
to 1565 nm from ITU-T Rec. G.692
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Possible system wavelengths in
the ITU-T 100 GHz channel grid
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RX RX TX TX

1 n
...

1

n
W
D
M
W
D
M
OFA

1
...
n
OFA
OSA-155

1
...
n
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D
N E T W O R K T E S T E R
A N T - 2 0
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
F i b e r F O X W G O F T - 1 0
Ma in
S e t
?
S t a r t
S t o p
Optical add/drop multiplexing
principleand monitoring of system
parameters
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Optical add/drop multiplexing
principle and monitoring of
system parameters
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4-channel DWDM signal with
characteristic noise floors
and ASE spurious spectrum
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Superimposition of the actual data signal and
accumulated noise
and incorrect interpretation of S/N
measurements
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W
D
M
W
D
M
TX
TX
TX
TX

1

n
OSA-155
ANT-20

1
...
n

1
...
n

i
OFA
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D N E T W O R K T E S T E R A N T - 2 0

n
RX
RX
RX
RX
OFA
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D N E T W O R K T E S T E R A N T - 2 0
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
F i b e r F O X W G O F T - 1 0
Ma in
S e t
?
S t a r t
S t o p
Quality monitoring in DWDM
systems
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Channel-No.
Actual
Power / -stability
S/N / -stability










W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D
N E T W O R K T E S T E R
A N T - 2 0
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
F i b e r F O X
W G O F T - 1 0
Ma in
S e t
?
S t a r t
S t o p
Cyclical recording and stability
measurement of
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Due to the irregular gain/
wavelength response of
todays EDFAs cascading
of optical amplifiers
result
in power shifts !

To minimize crosstalk
effects ( Rx side) of each
DWDM channel power
equalization becomes
necessary.

W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
A D V A N C E D
N E T W O R K T E S T E R
A N T - 2 0
W a n d e l & G o l t e r m a n n
F i b e r F O X
W G O F T - 1 0
Ma in
S e t
?
S t a r t
S t o p
Spectrum analysis and power leveladjustment
in DWDM systems
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Quality monitoring through
wavelength-selective bit error analysis
(automatic evaluation of bit error
histograms)
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New portable DWDM System Analyzer for 50
GHz/0.4 nm and higher spaced optical DWDM
systems with up to 256 channels
DWDM System Analyzer
OSA-155
W
D
M
TX
TX
TX
TX

1

n

1
...
n
OFA OFA
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OSA-155
WDM-channel-selector
for
in-depth system analysis
DWDM System Analyzer OSA-155
Complete Solution:
OSA-155
+ ANT-20
+ CATS Optics