Biosecurity

Protection from exposure to disease

What?
Why?
How?
Biosecurity
A set of management practices which
when followed correctly reduce the
potential for the introduction and spread of
disease causing organisms onto, and
between sites.


From the perspective of the bird rather
than just the farm

Biosecurity
Three Key Levels of Biosecurity

Conceptual Biosecurity

Structural Biosecurity

Operational Biosecurity
Biosecurity
Conceptual Biosecurity

Involves Site planning
Location e.g proximity to other farms,
transport etc.
Almost impossible to change once
committed without very high cost

Biosecurity
Structural Biosecurity

Concerns the design of the farm and
buildings.

Includes house design (easy to clean),
site layout and security.

Expensive to change once built.

Biosecurity
Operational Biosecurity

The points involved with day to day
running of the site.
Includes routine disinfection, control of
visitors, source of stock etc.
Can be modified at low cost according to
requirements
Disease transmission
Different disease causing agents require
differing priorities in relation to biosecurity

There is a direct relationship between
where the agent multiplies in the bird and
its mode of transmission from one bird to
another, or from one site to another

Disease transmission:
Respiratory diseases
high concentrations in the respiratory tract
+++ mucus
sneezing and coughing
aerosols
e.g. ND, IB, AI, TRT, mycoplasma
Disease transmission: Enteric
(gut) diseases
Diarrhoea

spread via droppings

e.g. salmonella, campylobacter,
coccidiosis, viruses

Disease transmission: Vertical
transmission
from breeders
infection via air sac or oviduct
egg contamination
egg transmission
e.g. mycoplasma, salmonella

Disease transmission: Site
contamination
persistent, resistant organisms

contaminate litter, equipment,
environment

e.g. ILT, Gumboro, Mareks, CAV, many
bacteria

Breeder Farm and Hatchery
Breeding Stock
Breeding Farm
Egg collection
Farm egg storage
Egg Transport
The Hatchery
Chick delivery
Biosecurity - why?
1. To keep lethal, highly contagious
diseases out of premises e.g. Newcastle
disease (Fowl Pest), avian influenza, or
acute Gumboro disease
2. To reduce challenge by common
pathogens known to reduce productivity
such as E.coli and coccidiosis

Biosecurity - why?
3. To reduce or eliminate, background
immunosuppressive agents such as
Mareks disease, chicken anaemia or
Gumboro disease, which leave birds
susceptible to other disease organisms
4. To reduce contamination with agents of
public health significance, such as
salmonella or campylobacter

Methods of spread
1. Vermin e.g. salmonella, pasteurella
2. Feed e.g. salmonella, some ND strains
3. Wild birds e.g. mycoplasmas, ND, avian
influenza, ?IB, ?TRT, bacteria, worms

Methods of spread
4. Water e.g. E. coli, salmonella,
campylobacter
5. Hatchery e.g. salmonella, aspergillus,
enterococcus, pseudomonas,
mycoplasmas
6. Windborne e.g. IB, ND, TRT,
?mycoplasmas
7. Faecal e.g. Gumboro, ND, salmonella,
mycoplasma, viruses

Control Areas - Inanimate
1. locate away from other poultry (>5 miles)
2. avoid waterways, ponds or lakes
3. avoid putting birds on range
4. avoid major roads
5. remove litter from farm
6. concrete around houses
7. avoid standing water
8. use potable drinking water with low TVC

Control areas - People
limit staff movements
avoid visitors
control site traffic
spray vehicles
adequate protective clothing
BOOTS
hand washing
?showers

Control areas - poultry
Obtain stock from high health status
sources.
Carry out regular health monitoring and
audits
Carry out daily and proper disposal of
deaths / culls.

Control areas - site
decontamination
Effective cleaning and
disinfection
adequate turnaround time
include houses, aprons,
equipment
use a closed water system
carry out water sanitisation

Control areas - site
decontamination
Use a total feed system
carry out regular vermin control
audit efficacy
use only products with proven
broad spectrum efficacy

Disease Control
Freedom from Disease =
Maximum Profits

Hygiene and Biosecurity =
The most cost effective method
of disease control

STATIC VECTORS
Housing
Equipment
Organic Waste
Feed System
Water System
Building Surrounds


MOBILE VECTORS
Livestock
Humans
Rodents
Other Animals
Equipment
Transport
Organic Waste
Air Borne


NUTRIENT VECTORS
Food
Water
(Bedding)

TYPES OF DISINFECTION
Terminal
Continuous
(Production Breaks)

STAGE 1
REMOVAL & DRY CLEAN
Remove stock
Equipment
Bedding
Gross organic waste
Dust

STAGE 2
CLEANING & SANITISATION
Reducing infective material
Removal of dried on matter
Use a Detergent / Sanitiser
Allow to dry afterwards

STAGE 3A
WATER SYSTEMS
Drainable
Drain
Clean
Disinfect
Flush
Non-Drainable
Clean
Sanitise

STAGE 3B
REMOVABLE EQUIPMENT
Soak
Scrub / Pressure Wash
Detergent Sanitizer
Disinfect
Dry

STAGE 4
DISINFECTION
To remove residual challenge
Use broad spectrum disinfectant
Cover all surfaces
Cover all cracks & crevices
Allow to dry.

STAGE 5
AERIAL DISINFECTION
Covers inaccessible areas
Replace movable equipment first.
Can be done after bedding is spread.
Fog / Fumigate
Safety required with formaqldehyde.
Rest period

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION
Control Access
Foot & Wheel Dips
Water Sanitization
Aerial Disinfection
Rodent Control


Operational Biosecurity
Control/restriction of Visitors
Strict use of Protective clothing
Hand Washing
Footdips etc

Egg collection
Treat with Care at all stages
Hand washing
Egg sanitising
Disinfection and cleaning of
egg store
Egg Transport
Hatchery should dispatch
a clean and disinfected
vehicle
Driver to observe farm
hygiene regulations
Hatchery Biosecurity
Staff training and supervision
Defined working areas Clean
and Dirty
Clearly defined routines and
frequencies.
Hygiene of personnel
Site security
Chick Delivery
Chick box
disinfection
Transport Hygiene
Farm Regulations
Disinfection of
returning vehicle
and crates

Chick Delivery
Chick box disinfection
Transport Hygiene
Farm Regulations
Disinfection of returning
vehicle and crates
Conclusion
Consider the operation as a
whole
Trained Operatives
Monitoring overall results
Routine Hatchery Monitoring
The Result
Freedom from
Disease =
Maximum Profits