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Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Genetic, visual, and environmental factors can cause myopia. The prevalence of myopia varies greatly between populations, affecting 20-50% of Americans but as high as 80-90% in some Asian countries. Symptoms include blurred distance vision, eye strain, and headaches. Doctors diagnose myopia through an eye exam and testing vision with different lenses. Treatment options are wearing glasses or contacts to correct vision, or refractive eye surgery like LASIK to permanently change the shape of the cornea.
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Genetic, visual, and environmental factors can cause myopia. The prevalence of myopia varies greatly between populations, affecting 20-50% of Americans but as high as 80-90% in some Asian countries. Symptoms include blurred distance vision, eye strain, and headaches. Doctors diagnose myopia through an eye exam and testing vision with different lenses. Treatment options are wearing glasses or contacts to correct vision, or refractive eye surgery like LASIK to permanently change the shape of the cornea.
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Genetic, visual, and environmental factors can cause myopia. The prevalence of myopia varies greatly between populations, affecting 20-50% of Americans but as high as 80-90% in some Asian countries. Symptoms include blurred distance vision, eye strain, and headaches. Doctors diagnose myopia through an eye exam and testing vision with different lenses. Treatment options are wearing glasses or contacts to correct vision, or refractive eye surgery like LASIK to permanently change the shape of the cornea.
DEFINITION Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. People with myopia see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Myopia can occur because the eyeball is too long or because the curvature of the cornea is too large so that the incoming light is not focused properly and distant objects appear blurry. ETIOLOGY causes of myopia Genetic visual tension environmental factors
EPIDEMOLOGY The prevalence of myopia varies greatly between different populations and ethnic groups. The prevalence rates of myopia in the United States have been reported as 20-50% and as high as 80-90% in some parts of Asia. The majority of the myopic population consists primarily of patients with non-pathologic myopia; approximately 66% of patients with myopia have less than 2 diopters (D) of myopia and 95% of myopic patients have less than 6 diopters. In 2003 a multi-center study the US reported significantly different prevalence rates among children of four different ethnic groups. The highest rates were found among Asian children with a prevalence of 18.5% and hispanic children with 13%. Lower prevalence rates were found in African American children with 6.6% followed by Caucasian children with a prevalence rate of 4%. A large epidemiologic study in 2000 by Lin et al. showed that myopic prevalence rates for Taiwanese children were reaching 80%. It is reported that there are over 80 million myopic children world wide. Symtopmathology An eye care professional can diagnose myopia with a simple eye exam. The most common symptoms of nearsightedness include:
Blurred distance vision Frequent squinting of eyes Eye strain or headaches from trying to focus
DIAGNOSIS A patient's distance vision is tested by reading letters or numbers on a chart posted a set distance away (usually 20 ft). The doctor asks the patient to view images through a variety of lenses to obtain the best correction. if a patient undergo meiosis she could only see the short distance TREATMENT Wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses can help shift the focus of the light image directly onto the retina, producing a clearer image. Refractive eye surgery aims at improving myopic vision by permanently changing the shape of the cornea so that light rays focus properly on the retina. Laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the newest of these procedures. It is recommended for moderate to severe cases of myopia. LASIK uses lasers and a cutting tool called a microkeratome to cut a circular flap on the cornea. The flap is flipped back to expose the inner layers of the cornea. The cornea is treated with a laser to change the shape and focusing properties, then the flap is replaced. Read more on this procedure, its costs and risks.