CONTROL OF UPFC

What is UPFC?
Proposed By Gyugyi in 1992
Unified Power Flow Controller
Regulation and control of power flow in a transmission
line


Schematics

Shunt connected VSC
Series connected VSC
Parallel connected
Capacitor banks
Switch 1&2 are open
VSC 1 will act as
STATCOM injecting
current in shunt
VSC 2 will act as SSSC
injecting voltage in series.
Switch 1&2 are closed
Enabling the converters
to control the real power
flow between them
Control Of UPFC
As the UPFC consists of two converters that are
coupled on the DC side,the control of each converter is
taken up individually.
CONTROL
OF UPFC
Shunt
Converter
Control
Series
Converter
Control
Control Of the Series Converter
The series converter control is aimed at injecting a
series voltage of the required magnitude and angle.
Direct voltage
injection mode
Phase Angle Shifter
Emulation mode
Line impedance
emulation mode
Automatic power
flow control mode
Modes Of
Operation
Direct voltage
injection mode
Converter simply
generates a voltage phasor
in response to the
reference input
Phase Angle Shifter
Emulation mode
The injected voltage VC is
phase shifted relative to
the voltage V1 by an angle
specified by the reference
input.
Line impedance
emulation mode
The series injected voltage is
controlled in proportion to
the line current
The complex impedance is
determined by the reference
inputs
Automatic power
flow control mode
The reference inputs
determine the required
real power (P) and the
reactive power (Q) at a
specified location in
the line.
Control Of shunt connected Converter
The shunt converter draws a controlled current from
the system
One component of this current is Ip which is
automatically determined by the requirement to
balance the real power supplied to the series converter
through the DC link
This power balance is enforced by regulating the DC
capacitor voltage by feedback control.
The other component of the shunt converter current is
the reactive current, Ir which can be controlled in a
similar fashion as in a STATCOM.
The reactive current reference is
determined by the inductive or
capacitive VAR command. The
feedback signals are obtained
from current transformers (CT)
typically located on the bushings
of the coupling (step down)
transformer.
VAR
control
mode
The reactive current reference
is determined by the output
of the feedback voltage
controller
The voltage feedback signals
are obtained from potential
transformers measuring the
voltage V1 at the substation
feeding the coupling TF.
Automatic
voltage
control
mode
Operating Constraints
1. Upper limit on the magnitude of the shunt converter
current, namely IC < IC max
2. Upper limit on the magnitude of the voltage injected
by the shunt converter
3. Upper limit on the magnitude of the voltage injected
by the series converter VC < VC max
4.Upper limit on the magnitude of the line current
flowing through the series converter
5.Maximum and minimum limits on the line side
voltage, VL given by Vlmin<VL<Vlmax
6. Upper limits on the magnitude of the power flow
(PDC) in the DC link.