A sample problem By: Jeffrey Bivin Lake Zurich High School Last Updated: October 11, 2005 A landscaper can buy three types of 100-pound bags of fertilizer, type A, type B, and type C. Each 100- pound bag of type A fertilizer costs $20 and contains 40 pounds of nitrogen, 30 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 10 pounds of potash. Each 100-pound bag of type B fertilizer costs $30 and contains 20 pounds of nitrogen, 20 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 55 pounds of potash. Each 100-pound bag of type C fertilizer costs $20 and contains no nitrogen, 30 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 40 pounds of potash. The landscaper requires 4000 pounds of nitrogen. 2000 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 2000 pounds of potash. How many bags of each type of fertilizer should the landscaper buy in order to minimize the cost? Also, find the minimum cost. Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Analyzing the problem Nitrogen Phos. Acid potash Type A x 1 $20 40 30 10 Type B x 2 $30 20 20 55 Type C x 3 $20 0 30 40 needs 4000 2000 2000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Define the Constraints 40x 1 + 20x 2 > 4000 30x 1 + 20x 2 + 30x 3 > 2000 10x 1 + 55x 2 + 40x 3 > 2000 x1 > 0 x2 > 0 x3 > 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Function to minimize z = 20x 1 + 30x 2 + 20x 3
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Initial Tableau x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Initial Tableau Analysis Jeff Bivin -- LZHS A negative basic variable in s 1
leads us to use column x 1 as the pivot column. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS A negative basic variable in s 1
leads us to use column x 1 as the pivot column. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 s 1 is a basic variable because it has only one non-zero element in the column Jeff Bivin -- LZHS A negative basic variable in s 1
leads us to use column x 1 as the pivot column. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 We use Column x 1 as the pivot column because the 40 in column x 1 is the left most positive number in the row with the -1 value (negative basic variable). Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Divide the value column by the pivot column. This adds an additional column at the right.
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 100 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 66.667 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 200 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
66.667 is the lowest non-negative quotient.
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 100 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 66.667 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 200 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
66.667 is the lowest non-negative quotient. Therefore, 30 is determined to be the pivot point. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 100 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 66.667 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 200 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determine the row operations: row1 = 3 x row1 4 x row2 row3 = 3 x row3 row2 row4 = 3 x row4 2 x row2
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 100 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 66.667 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 200 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Perform the row operations to determine Tableau 2 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1=3r1-4r2 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 r2 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 r3=3r3-r2 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 r4=3r4-2r2 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS 2 nd Tableau Analysis Jeff Bivin -- LZHS A negative basic variable in s 1
leads us to use column s 2 as the pivot column. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Divide the value column by the pivot column. This adds an additional column at the right.
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 1000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 -2000 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 4000 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1000 is the lowest non-negative quotient.
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 1000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 -2000 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 4000 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
1000 is the lowest non-negative quotient. Therefore, 4 is determined to be the pivot point. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 1000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 -2000 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 4000 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determine the row operations: row2 = 4 x row2 + row1 row3 = 4 x row3 row1 row4 = 2 x row4 row1
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Perform the row operations to determine Tableau 3 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 r2=4r2+r1 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 r3=4r3-r1 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 r4=2r4-r1 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS 3 rd Tableau Analysis Jeff Bivin -- LZHS A negative basic variable in s 3
leads us to use column x 2 as the pivot column. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 r2=4r2+r1 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 r3=4r3-r1 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 r4=2r4-r1 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Divide the value column by the pivot column. This adds an additional column at the right.
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 -200 r2=4r2+r1 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 200 r3=4r3-r1 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 20 r4=2r4-r1 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
66.667 is the lowest non-negative quotient.
x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 -200 r2=4r2+r1 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 200 r3=4r3-r1 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 20 r4=2r4-r1 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
66.667 is the lowest non-negative quotient. Therefore, 30 is determined to be the pivot point. x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 -200 r2=4r2+r1 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 200 r3=4r3-r1 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 20 r4=2r4-r1 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determine the row operations: row1 = 30 x row1 + row3 row2 = 10 x row2 row3 row4 = 5 x row4 row3 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Perform the row operations to determine Tableau 4 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1=30r1+r3 0 0 -3120 -87 120 -12 0 132000 r2=10r2-r3 1200 0 -480 -33 0 12 0 108000 r3 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 r4=52r4-r3 0 0 120 12 0 12 30 -72000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS 4 th Tableau Analysis Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Now we can determine the solutions x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 0 0 -3120 -87 120 -12 0 132000 1200 0 -480 -33 0 12 0 108000 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 0 0 120 12 0 12 30 -72000 Basic Variables x 1 , x 2 , and s 2 are all positive and the bottom row has all positive variable coefficients Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Determining the solutions: from row 1: s 2 = 132000 / 120 = 1100 from row 2: x 1 = 108000 / 1200 = 90 from row 3: x 2 = 12000 / 600 = 20 from row 4: z = -(-72000 / 30) = 2400 also: x 3 = s 1 = s 3 = 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1=30r1+r3 0 0 -3120 -87 120 -12 0 132000 r2=10r2-r3 1200 0 -480 -33 0 12 0 108000 r3 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 r4=52r4-r3 0 0 120 12 0 12 30 -72000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Results x 1 = 90 x 2 = 20 x 3 = 0 s 1 = 0 s 2 = 1100 s 3 = 0 z = 2400 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Process Complete Answer the Question The minimum cost is $2400 when you order 90 bags of type A fertilizer 20 bags of type B fertilizer 0 bags of type C fertilizer
Jeff Bivin -- LZHS A Quick Recap Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Initial Tableau x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values 40 20 0 -1 0 0 0 4000 100 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 66.667 10 55 40 0 0 -1 0 2000 200 20 30 20 0 0 0 1 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Perform the row operations to determine Tableau 2 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1=3r1-4r2 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 1000 r2 30 20 30 0 -1 0 0 2000 -2000 r3=3r3-r2 0 145 90 0 1 -3 0 4000 4000 r4=3r4-2r2 0 50 0 0 2 0 3 -4000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Perform the row operations to determine Tableau 3 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1 0 -20 -120 -3 4 0 0 4000 -200 r2=4r2+r1 120 60 0 -3 0 0 0 12000 200 r3=4r3-r1 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 20 r4=2r4-r1 0 120 120 3 0 0 6 -12000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS
Perform the row operations to determine Tableau 4 x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1=30r1+r3 0 0 -3120 -87 120 -12 0 132000 r2=10r2-r3 1200 0 -480 -33 0 12 0 108000 r3 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 r4=52r4-r3 0 0 120 12 0 12 30 -72000 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS x 1 x 2 x 3 s 1 s 2 s 3 z Values r1=30r1+r3 0 0 -3120 -87 120 -12 0 132000 r2=10r2-r3 1200 0 -480 -33 0 12 0 108000 r3 0 600 480 3 0 -12 0 12000 r4=52r4-r3 0 0 120 12 0 12 30 -72000 Determine the solutions from the 4 th Tableau
from row 1: s 2 = 132000 / 120 = 1100 from row 2: x 1 = 108000 / 1200 = 90 from row 3: x 2 = 12000 / 600 = 20 from row 4: z = -(-72000 / 30) = 2400 also: x 3 = s 1 = s 3 = 0 Jeff Bivin -- LZHS Process Complete Answer the Question The minimum cost is $2400 when you order 90 bags of type A fertilizer 20 bags of type B fertilizer 0 bags of type C fertilizer