Is the immediate assistance or treatment

given to someone before the arrival of

medical staff/ ambulance


~ Calm
~ Confident
~ Willing to offer assistance
whenever necessary
~ Patience

Essential to protect yourself from injury and
infection

a) Ensure surroundings are safe
b) Protection from infection
- to prevent cross infection
( transmitting germs to a casualty or contracting
an infection yourself)
- wear gloves or wash hands before doing a dressing.
Protecting yourself as a first aide
Aims of a first aide:
3 Ps:

3Ps
Preserve life
Prevent injuries/condition
from worsening
Promote recovery
1) Control bleeding
2) Treat probable cause of shock
3) Maintain airway in correct position
4) Perform CPR when needed
(no breathing or pulse)
3 Ps:

3Ps
3 Ps:

3Ps
3 Ps:

3Ps
1) Dress wound to prevent infection
2) Provide comfort to casualty
3) Place casualty in a comfortable position

Prevent condition from
worsening:


1) Relieve casualty from anxiety
2) Encourage confidence and trust
3) Attempt to relieve pain and discomfort
4) Handle casualty gently
5) Protect casualty from cold and wet
Promote recovery:
Ambulance:
Police number:
Fire Brigade:
999
998
997

Emergency First Aid
and CPR
This presentation is not
intended as a substitute for
professional medical care or
the Basic Life Support Training
- First Aid and CPR. All
employees must meet the
training requirements set forth
from Dubai Ambulance Centre.
NOTICE
EMERGENCY FIRST AID
If you are the first on the scene of accident that
results in an injury or serious illness, you may
be the only link between a victim and
emergency medical care. Your role is to take
action, whether by providing first aid, seeking
medical help or calling 999. Your actions may
improve the victims chance of recovery.
The following slides will provide specific
information from The American Safety & Health
Institute (ASHI) on basic first aid procedures.

Apply direct pressure to
the wound (at this time a
direct pressure bandage
may be used)
Elevate (do not further
harm)
Pressure Point additional
pressure may be applied to
a pressure point to help
reduce bleeding.
FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS
I-C-E
I - Ice, apply a cold
pack. Do not apply
ice directly to skin.
C - Compress, use
an elastic or
conforming wrap -
not too tight.
E - Elevate, above
heart level to control
internal bleeding.
CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES
I-A-C-T
I - Immobilize area. Use pillows,
jackets, blankets, etc. Stop any
movement by supporting injured area.
A - Activate Emergency Medical
Services (EMS), call 999.
C - Care for shock. See Care for
Shock slide.
T - Treat any additional secondary
injuries.

Assess the scene for clues and
safety.
Get victim away from poison if
necessary.
Provide care for any life
threatening conditions.
Check Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS).
Notify medical staff or on-call
Doctor.
Call the Poison Control Center
and 999 when necessary.
Heat Exhaustion &
Heatstroke
Seek emergency medical
assistance immediately
If casualty is unconscious, place
them in the recovery position
Remove most of the casualties
clothing and sponge down the
body with a cool and wet cloth
Ice packs to the head, neck,
armpits, and groin to reduce the
casualties temperature.
Provide them with cool water to
sip if conscious and able.

Burns
and
Scalds
Causes:
burns dry
heat
- fire
- hot objects
- electricity

scalds wet
heat
- hot liquids
- steam

Burns and scalds
Burns and scalds
What you will see:
redness
swelling
blisters
charred skin.
remove any
jewellery
apply a sterile
dressing or cling film
treat the casualty for
shock if necessary
seek medical help if
necessary.
Cold running water 10
minutes minimum.
Burns and scalds
What you should do:
Burns and scalds
Hypothermia
Warm affected areas (warm water)
only as long as there is no
possibility of refreezing
Remove affected areas from water
when return to normal color
Do not rub frostbite or warm with
direct heat (fires)
Place gauze between the frostbite
fingers or toes, and bandage the
affected areas loosely
Seek medical help.

Some of the more common
symptoms or problems that one
might experience due to allergies include:
Runny nose
Burning, watery
eyes
Sinus congestion
Postnasal drip
Sore throat
Skin rash
(Nutritional Programs for Allergies, E.M. Haas, M.D., www.healthy.net/templates/article.asp.)
Ear infections
Chest congestion
Coughing
Headaches
Fatigue
Asthma
Runny nose
Burning, watery eyes
Sinus congestion
Postnasal drip
Sore throat
Skin rash
There are approaches
to handling allergy problems.
The first is to
avoid contact
with substances
that you are
allergic to, if you
know what they
are.
When you are
exposed to an
allergen (something
that you are allergic
to), one of the
symptoms is an
increase in heart
rate.
(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)
The way to do this test is to take
your pulse, at rest, for one minute.
That is your base pulse.
(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)
When you eat a food that is
suspect or are exposed to a
substance that is suspect, check your
pulse again in 15, 30 and 60 minutes.

If your heart rate accelerates more
than 10 beats per minute over your
base pulse, it indicates that you may
be allergic to that particular
substance.
(Allergy Testing with the Caveman Diet & Pulse Test, P. Bate, PhD, www.alternate-health.com/pulse.)
Another method
for handling
allergy problems
is to take
medications to
suppress your
allergy
symptoms.
Bee, Wasps, Scorpion & Ant
Stings
Remove the sting by scraping
sideways using blunt knife or
edge of card.
Place icepack on affected area
to reduce pain.
Apply pressure immobilisation
and seek urgent medical help.
Fish Spine (Stonefish, Stingray)
Control severe bleeding
Immerse wound in hot water
around 45 to reduce pain for
around 30-39 minutes. Repeat
if need be.
Apply ice pack if hot water
doesnt relieve pain.
Treat for shock
Clean wound by scrubbing with
soap
Apply local antiseptics
Get medical advice.
Common Sea Creatures (Jellyfish and fish)
Immobilise and reassure casualty
and monitor closely.
Do not rub sting area
If casualties breathing or
conscious is impaired, pains
develop or if sting area increases,
seek urgent medical help.
Apply cold pack to reduce pain.
Dont wash sting area with water
- Pour vinegar over sting area.

Keep the victim laying down
(if possible).
Elevate legs 10-12 inches
unless you suspect a spinal
injury or broken bones.
Cover the victim to maintain
body temperature.
Provide the victim with
plenty of fresh air.
If victim begins to vomit -
place them on their left side.
Call 999.
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
CPR ABCs
AIRWAY - Open the
airway with the tilt-
chin method.
Breath - give two
breaths.
Check circulation.

If there is no pulse or
breathing..(next slide)
CPR Continued
Perform chest compressions.
30 compressions and two breaths.
Count = 1&2&3&4&5&30
Call 999.
RESCUE BREATHING
1 breath every 5 seconds - 12 per
minute.

Compressions : ventilations = 30:2

REMEMBER!!!
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:
The routine use of appropriate
barrier precautions to prevent skin
and mucous membrane exposure
when contact with blood or other
body fluids of any individual may
occur or is anticipated.
Universal Precautions apply to
blood and to all other body fluids
with potential for spreading any
infections.
THE END





Division of Youth Corrections
Office of Quality Assurance