Date:20/04/2014

Crankshaft
Transferring reciprocating motion of the piston in Cylinder to rotary
motion of the flywheel.
The stroke of the Engine is controlled by the throw of the crankshaft.
Linked to piston by connecting rod.
It is stressed to maximum fatigue level due to combustion forces and
Inertia forces (i.e. alternating stress).
Located in crankcase and is supported by Main Bearings.
Thrust washers control end float
Accommodates Drive gear of timing gears, FEAD pulleys, Torsional
Vibration Damper at front end and fly wheel at rear end.
In some cases G rotor oil pump is also driven directly with D slot
Counter weights are added for balancing to compensate pin end mass
and some portion of reciprocating mass.


Diagram of Basic Crankshaft
Rotary Balancing

One Crank-throw
Imbalance mass of Pin
and web.
Description Notation Mass
(kg)
Rotational radius (mm)
Mass of one connecting
rod with bolts
Mconr 1.79 65
Big end bearing mass Mbearin
g
0.086 65
Crank pin and web mass M(pin+w
eb)
2.75 R1=60.3
The values masses are as follows:
The MrotR value for one crank-throw is calculated as below:

MrotR= (2/3) Mconr R + Mbearing R + M(pin+web)
R1.

Where R = crank throw =65 mm

R1= 60.3 mm

MrotR=248.98 kg-mm

Vertical And Horizontal Projection
Summation of Moments in vertical plane:
= - MrotR (L/2) + MrotR (3L/2) cos 60 + MrotR
(5L/2) cos 60+ MrotR (7L/2) cos 60+MrotR(9L/2)
cos 60+ MrotR (11L/2)
=0
Similarly summation of moments in horizontal
plane = 0
Again force = 0
Crankshaft internal couples.
The value of cylinder Balance :
For vertical projection
(Consider clockwise couples positive)
Total Moment for first three cylinders
= - MrotR (L/2) + MrotR (3L/2) cos 60 + MrotR (5L/2) cos
60
= 1.5 MrotR L (clockwise)
From the horizontal projection for first three cylinders:
Total Couple = MrotR L sin 60 = 0.866 MrotR L
The Resultant Couple = (1.5
2
+ 0.866
2
M RLrot)
= 1.732 MrotR L

Whose angle from No 1 crank is
tan
1
(0.866 /1.5) = 30
Which is at right angles to crank No 2.
The mr value of each balance weight is:
mr=(1.732 MrotR L)/ (2 L).
For given values we get:
mr=100.6 kgmm


Result :
The crankshaft with separate 8 balances
weights:
mr value of each balance weight is 100 kgmm.
This mr value will provide 100 %
Couple balancing and added advantage of using
existing balance weight.
Position is perpendicular to 2nd or 5th crank throw.
Number of balance weights: 8

Separate balance weight arrangement.
Balance weight with 110% balancing with bolts.







Balance weight with 110% balancing with bolts reduced
to weight face

Conclusion
Crankshaft with separate balance weights is used.
To do perfect balancing, webs are drilled with 4
numbers of holes of diameter 12 mm size with 30 mm
depth.
To counter it on rotating balancing machine, this
balancing bring to 110 % with mr value of balance
weight is 110kg.mm.

References
1. Rodica Baranescu and Bernard Challen, Diesel
Engine Reference Book
Second Edition 1999, pages 219-231.
2. Charles Taylor, The Internal-Combustion Engine
in Theory and Practice
Volume 2, pages 240-263.
3. A. Kolchin, Design of Automotive Engines, pages
158-171.
4. Heinz Heisler, Advance Vehicle Technology, pages
79-89.