Electronic Anesthesia / Orthodontic Courses by Indian Dental Academy

Presentation on Electronic Anesthesia
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INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education

Remember the saying,
No pain,no gain
It does not apply to dentistry anymore!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Development Of
Electronic Anesthesia
What is electronic anesthesia?
Gate Control Theory Of Pain

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation.
With the proposal of the Gate-Control Theory by
Melzack and Wall in 1965, a rational basis for
electroanalgesia was elucidated.

dull, slow, diffuse,burning pain is carried from the
periphery by small unmyelinated fibres,

while the sensation of light touch is carriedby large
myelinated fibers.

Sensations of touch, vibration,and heat could block
the pain signals.

TENS signals create impulses that reach pain
centers before the body's pain signals do, closing
the "gate" to the transmission of pain - like a busy
signal on a telephone.
DEVICE FOR GIVING E.A .
1) ELECTRIC HANDPIECE

2) ELECTRODES
Cotton roll electrodes
Adhesive electrodes
Clamp electrodes

Electrodes
available in
1786.
Electronic anesthesia: is delivered via two small sponges
attached to a battery-operated control box. The sponges are placed in
the patients mouth or on the patients face. The patient uses the
controls on the box to choose and maintain the depth of the
anesthesia delivered.
Procedure for treatment
Mechanism of action?
Acts by elevating levels of l-
trytophan;serotonin;

b-endomorphins and enkephalins.

All these are analgesics
SO HOW DOES THE PATIENT
FEEL??????
BASIS FOR ELECTRONIC ANESTHESIA
BASED UPON OHMS LAW
I=V/R
where,
I=CURRENT
V=POTENTIAL PROVIDED
BY MACHINE
R=RESISTANCE PROVIDED
BY TISSUES AND
CONNECTORS
a. BODY CIRCUITRY SYSTEM:
Low Resistance: MUSCLE BLOOD AND NERVE
High Resistance: BONE AND FASCIA
b. POLARITY
c. WAVE FORMS
d. FREQUENCY
e. POWER SOURCE
f. CONTROLS

ON PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

Objective:- The purpose of this study was to determine the
effectiveness and acceptance of electronic dental anesthesia in
comparison with local anesthesia in restorative procedures in
children.

Results:-Although the success rate of electronic dental anesthesia
was less than that of local anesthesia, there was no significant
difference between the two methods. On the other hand, 53.6% of
the patients preferred electronic dental anesthesia, whereas 35.7%
preferred local anesthesia.

Conclusions:- In restorative dental care in children, electronic
dental anesthesia appears to be beneficial in reducing discomfort, as
judged from behavioral observations and self-reports.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology,
Oral Radiology, &
Endodontics. 88(4):418-423, October 1999.
Baghdadi, Ziad D. DDS, MS

ON ADULTS

A total of 12 patients used the device to see how its ability as an
anesthetic compared to that of an injection.

Eleven of the 12 patients found the procedure acceptable. "One
patient did not like having to control the level of current and would
have preferred to rely on the dentist," she said.

"The main reason people would choose this method is that they are
needle phobic," Ms Fleck said.

ATLANTA,GA
OCT21,2001

ELECTRONIC AND LOCAL ANESTHESIA:-
A CLINICAL COMPARISON FOR OPERATIVE
PROCEDURES
Thirty patients, who required restorations on similar teeth
bilaterally, and 10 clinicians were involved in the study.
The two teeth in each patient were randomly restored
under either electronic or local anesthesia.

Minor after effects in some patients included redness of
skin and briefly lingering sensation.

All patients found electronic anesthesia easy to use, and
most of the patients (93.3%) thought that the system was
good to excellent.

INDICATIONS:-
Patients Who Cannot or Will Not Have Local
Anesthesia.
Using TENS on Children.
Periodontal Treatment
Crown and Bridge.
Prosthetics
Local Injections.
Tissue Repair.
OcclusalAdjustment.
Myofascial Pain Dysfunction.
Operative Dentistry
Ineffective local anesthesia

PREGNANCY
TRANSTHORACIC AND TRANSABDOMINAL
ELECTRODES
EPILEPSY
CEREBROVASCULAR PROBLEMS
CARDIAC PLEXUS AND CAROTID BODY
ANY PAIN OF UNKNOWN EITIOLOGY
VERY YOUNG PEDIATRIC PATIENT
OLDER PATIENT IN SENILE DEMNTIA
LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES
CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
EYES

We may not have the ultimate machine or wave form
today, and we certainly can expect to see electrode
systems improve in the future. A pain model is
needed that simulates the pain of operative
procedures to more easily evaluate different
electrodes, electrode placements, waveforms,
frequencies, and combinations with other pain control
modalities.
However, the equipment that exists is a
viable, preferred alternative to local anesthesia in
many
operative and periodontal procedures. When it fails,
electronic anesthesia still allows one to administer
local anesthesia without pain.

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Presentation on Electronic Anesthesia

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