ATTITUDES, VALUES, & ETHICS

Maeljen C. Mageguerid
BA 217


A psychological tendency
expressed by evaluating an entity
with some degree of favor or
disfavor.
ATTITUDES
MODEL OF ATTITUDE
FFECTIVE
Physiological indicators
Verbal statements about feelings.
I dislike my
supervisor
EHAVIORAL
INTENSSIONS
Observed behavioral
Verbal statements about intentions.
Im looking for
other work
OGNITION
Attitude scales
Verbal statements about beliefs
My supervisor is
unfair.
a state of tension that is produced
when an individual experiences
conflict between attitudes and
behavior.

Cognitive dissonance

DIRECT EXPERIENCE




Influences on Attitude Formation
SOCIAL LEARNING
the process of deriving attitudes from
family, peer groups, religious
organizations.
Attitude Specificity - a specific attitude
Attitude Relevance - some self-interest
Measurement Timing - measurement close to
observed behavior
Personality Factors - ex. self-monitoring
Social Constraints - acceptability

Attitude-behavior

Job Satisfaction
A pleasurable or positive emotional
state resulting from the appraisal of
ones job or job experience

Job Involvement
Related to job satisfaction.
Behavior that is above and beyond
duty

Work Attitudes: Job Satisfaction
Work Attitudes: Organizational
Commitment
Three Dimension to Organizational
Commitment
AFFECTIVE
COMMITMENT
Desire to remain
CONTINUANCE
COMMITMENT
Cannot afford to
leave
NORMATIVE
COMMITMENT
Perceived
obligation to
remain
Organization commitment is the strength of an
individuals identification with an organization
Characteristics
Persuasion & attitude change
Source Characteristics- The persuader may have
an impact on the target through expertise,
trustworthiness, attractiveness, and/or likability
Target Characteristics- The persuader may have
difficulty persuading a target who has high self-
esteem, who is resistant to change, or who is negative
Message Characteristics- People react either
negatively or positively to the message content, as
well as to the perceived intent of the persuader
sending the message.
COGNITIVE ROUTES TO PERSUASION
MESSAGE
LOW
ELABORATION
HIGH
ELABORATION
CAREFUL
PROCESSING
ABSENCE OF
CAREFUL
PROCESSING
Attitude change
depending on
quantity of arguments
Attitude change
depending on
quantity of arguments
Enduring beliefs that a specific mode
of conduct or end state of existence is
personally or socially preferable to an
opposite or converse mode of
conduct or end state of existence

VALUES
Instrumental - values that represent the acceptable behaviors to be used in achieving
some end state or to reach a goal.
Examples: honesty, politeness, courage

Terminal - values that represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence
Examples: happiness, salvation, prosperity


VALUES
Achievement (career advancement)
Concern for others (compassionate behavior)
Honesty (provision of accurate information)
Fairness (impartiality)

Work Values
Cultural Differences in Values
Chinese value an
individuals contribution
to relationships
in the work team
Americans value an
individuals
contribution to task
accomplishment
Handling Cultural Differences
Learn about others values
Avoid prejudging business customs
Operate legitimately within others ethical
points of view
Avoid rationalizing borderline actions
with excuses
Refuse to violate fundamental values
Be open and above board
Acting in ways consistent with ones
personal values and the commonly held
values of the organization and society

Ethical Behavior

Individual/Organizational Model of
Ethical Behavior
Organizational Influences
Codes of conduct
Norms
Modeling
Rewards and punishments
Individual Influences
Value systems
Locus of control
Machiavellianism
Cognitive moral development
Ethical
Behavior
Values, Ethics, and Ethical Behavior
Value Systems systems of beliefs that affect
what the individual defines as right, good, and
fair
Ethics reflects the way values are acted out
Ethical Behavior actions consistent with
ones values
LOCUS OF CONTROL
Locus of Control - personality variable that
affects individual behavior

Internal - belief in personal control and
personal responsibility
External - belief in control by outside
forces (fate, chance, other people)
A personality characteristic
indicating ones willingness to do
whatever it takes to get ones own
way
Machiavellianism
Cognitive Moral Development - the
process of moving through stages of
maturity in terms of making ethical
decisions
Cognitive Moral Development
Level l
Premoral
Level ll
Conventional
Level lll
Principled