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MS:MobileStation
BSS:BaseStationSystem
NSS:NetworkandSwitchingSystem
MSC:MobileSwitchingCenter
5
Mobilestation
Composition
SIM(SubscriberIdentityModule)
Asmartcard,usuallythesizeofacreditcard
Asmaller-sizedplug-inSIM
ProtectedbyaPIN(PersonalIdentityNumber)
Modifiedbysubscriber
UpdatedovertheairthoughSIMToolkit
ME(Mobileequipment)
Containsthenoncustomer-relatedhardwareandsoftwarespecifictothe
radiointerface
Propertyofthesubscriber
TE(TerminalEquipment)
MEandSIMarecalledtheMT(MobileTerminal)
6
BSS
Composition
BTS(BaseTransceiverStation)
Containstransmitter,receiver,signalingequipment
TRAU(Transcoder/RateAdapterUnit)
Speechencoding/decodingandrateadaptionindatatrasmission
BSC(BaseStationController)
ResponsiblefortheswitchingfunctionintheBSS
Supportsradiochannelallocation/releaseandhandoffmanagement
CommunicateswiththeBTSsusingISDNprotocolviatheA-bisinterface
7
NSS
Supportstheswitchingfunctions,subscriberprofiles,and
mobilemanagement
Interface
Signalingprotocolusedinthetelephonenetwork
CurrentlocationofaMS
MaintainedbyHLRandVLR
AuC(AuthenticationCenter)
securitydatamanagementfortheauthenticationofsubscriber
MSC
GMSC(GatewayMSC)
8
Radiointerface
Radiolink
FDMAandTDMAtechnologies
Frequencyband
Downlinksignal:935~960MHz
Uplinksignal:890~915MHz
200KHzcarrierfrequency:124pairsoffrequencyduplexchannel
Theframeisdividedintoeightbursts(timeslots)
GSMburststructure
10
Logicalchannel(2/2)
CCCH
PCH(pagingchannel)
AGCH(Accessgrantchannel)
RACH(Randomaccesschannel)
DCCH
SDCCH(Standarddedicatedcontrolchannel)
SACCH(Slowassociatedcontrolchannel)
FACCH(Fastassociatedcontrolchannel)
CBCH(Cellbroadcastchannel)
BCH
FCCH(Frequencycorrectionchannel)
BCCH(Broadcastcontrolchannel)
11
Originationandtermination
PCH (page MS)
RACH (request signaling channel)
AGCH (assign signaling channel)
SDCCH (respond to paging)
MS BSS
Call setup procedure
GSM call termination
SDCCH message exchanges for call setup
RACH (request signaling channel)
AGCH (assign signaling channel)
SDCCH (request call setup)
SDCCH (assign TCH)
FACCH (complete assignment)
GSM call origination
MS BSS
12
Locationtrackingandcallsetup(1/2)
Registration
13
Locationtrackingandcallsetup(2/2)
Termination
14
Security
Twoaspects
Authentication
Encryption
Ki
A8 A3 A8 A3
Ki
SRES
RAND
SRES Equal
?
Kc
Kc
Kc
ciphering
deciphering
deciphering
ciphering
Frame number
MS
Home system
Authentication
Encryption
Visited system
Chiphered
information
A5 A5
data
data data
data
reject
no
yes
accept
15
Dataservices
GSMphase2supportstwodataservicegroups
Shortmessageservices
Bearerservices
Shortmessageservices
Partofthebasicsubscriptionpackage
Bearerservices
SimilartotheISDNservices
Datarate:9.6Kbps
Circuit-switchedconnection
Channelresourcesarereserved:callsetuptimeistoolong
GSMphase2+standard
HSCSD(HighspeedCircuit-SwitchedData)
GPRS(GeneralPacketRadioService)
16
HSCSD(1/2)
HSCSDarchitecture
TE(TerminalEquipment)
IWF(InterworkingFunction)
TAF(TerminalAdaptionFunction)
PSDN(PublicSwitchedDataNetwork)
PSTN(PublicSwitchedTelephoneNetwork)
17
HSCSD(2/2)
Circuit-switchedprotocolforlargefiletransferand
multimediaapplications
UsingmultipleTDMAtimeslotanddatacompression
techniques
Radiointerface
Multiple,independenttimeslot
RLP(RadioLinkProtocol)
Disadvantageofmultipletime-slot
Blockingrateofthesystemwillbeincreased
Solution
Flexibleresourceassignment
18
GPRS(1/2)
GPRSarchitecture
SGSN(ServingGPRSSupportNode)
GGSN(GatewayGPRSSupportNode)
19
GPRS(2/2)
Packet-switchedprotocol
Requiresitsowntransportnetwork
Twonewentities
SGSN:receivesandtransmitspacketsbetweentheMSandPSDN
GGSN:interworkswiththePSDN
Cache
Containinglocationinformationtospeeduptheroutingprocedure
Radiolink
MAC(MediaAccessControl)forpacketswitching
GPRSsupports
Upto100userswithonetoeightchannels
Broadcastandmultisessions
20
USSD(UnstructuredSupplementaryServiceData)
SupportsnewservicesinoldMS
GSM02.90,03.90,04.90
UsedasaGSMtransparentbearerforoldMS
Flexiblemessagelength
Plustheasterisk(*)andpound(#)keys
Forexample
Commandcode159forcallforwarding
*159*5288128#
USSDarchitecture