MALAYSIA TROPICAL RAINFOREST

IUKL

From the air we breathe to the wood we love

23
rd
APRIL 2014

TOPICS OUTLINE
Introduction
Importance of
Forest
What is
Tropical
Ranforest
Factors of
Deforestation
Impacts of
Deforestation
Programs by
LM
TRCRC Lets join us!
MAJOR
FORESTS OF
THE WORLD
Tropical rainforest
Temperate
rainforest
Taiga/ Boreal forest
Temperate hardwood
forest
Tropical dry
forest
FUN FACT
IMPORTANCE OF FOREST
Forest
Combat the greenhouse effect
Clean the air
Trees provide oxygen
Save water
Prevent water pollution
Prevent soil erosion
Ultra-violet rays shield
Provide food
Create economic opportunities
Combat the greenhouse effect
Trees combat the greenhouse effect
Global warming is the result of excess greenhouse
gases, created by burning fossil fuels and destroying
tropical rainforests.
Heat from the sun, reflected back from the earth, is
trapped in this thickening layer of gases, causing global
temperatures to rise.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas. Trees
absorb CO2, removing and storing the carbon while
releasing the oxygen back into the air.
In one year, an acre of mature trees absorbs the
amount of CO2 produced when you drive your car
26,000 miles.
Trees clean the air
Trees clean the air
Trees absorb odors and pollutant gases
(nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and
ozone) and filter particulates out of the air by
trapping them on their leaves and bark.
Trees provide oxygen
Trees provide oxygen
In one year an acre of mature trees can
provide enough oxygen for 18 people.
Trees save water
Trees save water
Shade from trees slows water evaporation
from thirsty lawns. Most newly planted trees
need only fifteen gallons of water a week. As
trees transpire, they increase atmospheric
moisture.
Trees help prevent water pollution
Trees help prevent water pollution
Trees reduce runoff by breaking rainfall thus
allowing the water to flow down the trunk and
into the earth below the tree.
This prevents storm water from carrying
pollutants to the ocean.
When mulched, trees act like a sponge that
filters this water naturally and uses it to
recharge groundwater supplies.
Trees help prevent soil erosion
Trees help prevent soil erosion
On hillsides or stream slopes, trees slow
runoff and hold soil in place.
Trees shield children from ultra-violet
rays
Trees shield children from ultra-violet
rays
Skin cancer is the most common form of
cancer in the United States.
Trees reduce UV-B exposure by about 50
percent, thus providing protection to children
on school campuses and playgrounds - where
children spend hours outdoors.
Trees provide food
Trees provide food
An apple tree can yield up to 15-20 bushels of
fruit per year and can be planted on the
tiniest urban lot.
Aside from fruit for humans, trees provide
food for birds and wildlife.
Trees create economic opportunities
Trees create economic opportunities
Fruit harvested from community orchards can
be sold, thus providing income.
Small business opportunities in green waste
management and landscaping arise when
cities value mulching and its water-saving
qualities.
Vocational training for youth interested in
green jobs is also a great way to develop
economic opportunities from trees
MAJOR IMPORTANCES OF FOREST
MAJOR IMPORTANCES OF FOREST
All types of forest have a distinctive ability to absorb
carbon dioxide, evaporative cooling, and light
absorption.
Based on the diagram, tropical rainforest and
temperate forest absorb the strongest carbon dioxide.
Although tropical rainforest absorb the weakest
sunlight, it gives the strongest evaporative coolant.
Not that if the tropical rainforest is a dominant type of
forest, other types of forest is a waste, but the latter
have their own roles which complement their
respective climate
What is Tropical Rainforest?
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
Tropical rainforests are a type of tropical climate in which
there is no dry season
Tropical rainforest climates have no pronounced summer
or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year
A tropical rainforest climate is commonly found in Southeast
Asia, Central Africa and South America
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
Only found in Asia, Australia, Africa, South
America, Central America, Mexico and on
many of the Pacific Islands.
Placed roughly within
28 degrees north or
south of the equator.
About 80% of the world's biodiversity are
found in tropical rainforests.
The fingerprint
The rainforest is humid. Tall, broad-leaved
evergreen trees are the dominant plants,
forming a leafy canopy over the forest floor.
Distinguished
characteristics
Source: http://green.in.msn.com/fastfacts/article.aspx?cp-documentid=5188182&page=2
The Map
The map indicates the distribution of the
tropical rainforest available in the whole world
Note that the dark shaded area shows the
distribution of tropical rainforest
Interestingly, tropical rainforest is only
available at the equator of the Earth

INTRODUCTION
The country has a land area of 32.860
000 ha, of which around 54% (19.22
ha) is covered with forests.
IMPORTANCE OF PRACTICING SUSTAINABILITY

TROPICAL RAINFOREST
In the early 1960s, global rainforests
spread over 11% of earth's land mass,
nowadays the remaining rainforests
altogether cover some 6 to 7 percent of it,
as of 2014.
DEFORESTATION
Deforestation is
the permanent
destruction of
forests in order to
make the land
available for other
uses.
Definition
FACTORS OF DEFORESTATION
Logging
Cattle
ranching
Large scale
cash crops
Timber
Housing and
urbanization
INTRODUCTION
Malaysia has a serious deforestation problem.

LOGGING

IMPACTS OF DEFORESTRATION
Global greenhouse gas
emissions
Loss of Species
Carbon Emissions
Water Cycle
Soil Erosion
Life Quality
Global greenhouse gas emissions
Global greenhouse gas emissions
Deforestation caused 12 % to 17 % of annual
global greenhouse gas emissions
Loss of Species
Loss of Species
Seventy percent of the worlds plants and
animals live in forests and are losing their
habitats to deforestation.
Loss of habitat can lead to species extinction.
This is not only a biodiversity tragedy but also
has negative consequences for medicinal
research and local populations who rely on
the animals and plants in the forests for
hunting and medicine.
Loss of Species
By 2020, almost half of all mammals and a quarter of
all birds in Malaysia will face extinction.
According to a 1996 report entitled Capacity Building
and Strengthening of the Protected Areas System in
Peninsular Malaysia: A Masterplan, the number of
threatened animals on the peninsula tripled between
1986 and 1996, reaching 38 species, which is 18% of all
mammals.
If that rate continues, by 2020, the number of
threatened animals will reach more than 40%. And we
have only 286 types of mammals.
Loss of Species
At the last count made by the International Union for
the Conservation of Nature in 1994, there are
15,000 species of flowering plants,
286 species of mammals
over 150,000 species of invertebrates,
over 1,000 species of butterflies
12,000 species of moths
700 species of birds
300 species of reptiles
165 species of amphibians, 300 species of freshwater fish,
and
4,000 species of marine creatures.
Loss of Species
If that rate continues, by 2020, the number of threatened animals
will reach more than 40%. And we have only 286 types of mammals.
The number of threatened animals on the peninsula tripled between
1986 and 1996, reaching 38 species, which is 18% of all mammals.
By 2020, almost half of all mammals and a quarter of all birds in
Malaysia will face extinction.
Carbon Emission
Carbon Emission
Healthy forests help absorb greenhouse gasses and
carbon emissions that are caused by human activities
and contribute to global climate change.
Without trees, more carbon and greenhouse gasses
enter the atmosphere.
To make matters worse, trees actually become carbon
sources when they are cut, burned, or otherwise
removed.
Tropical forests hold more than 210 gigatons of
carbon, and deforestation represents around 15
percent of greenhouse gas emissions, according to the
WWF.
Carbon Emission
The diagram shows the global carbon
accumulation from 1960 to 2010 in billions of
metric tons
The purple shade shows total carbon
emissions by human activities by 1959
Red shows about half of the carbon
accumulates in the atmosphere
The lowest part, blue shade shows the carbon
removed naturally
Water Cycle
Water Cycle
Trees play an important part in the water
cycle, grounding the water in their roots and
releasing it into the atmosphere.
In the Amazon, more than half the water in
the ecosystem is held within the plants.
Without the plants, the climate may become
dryer.
Soil Erosion
Soil Erosion
Without tree roots to anchor the soil and with
increased exposure to sun, the soil can dry out,
leading to problems like increased flooding and
inability to farm.
The WWF states that scientists estimate that a
third of the worlds arable land has been lost to
deforestation since 1960.
Cash crops planted after clear cutting or burning
like soy, coffee, and palm oil can actually
exacerbate soil erosion because their roots
cannot hold onto the soil the way trees can.
Life Quality
Life Quality
Soil erosion can also lead to silt entering the
lakes, streams, and other water sources.
This can decrease local water quality,
contributing to poor health in the local
population.
DEFORESTRATION- In conclusion
Deforestation Impacts in Malaysia

Lojing
Sg
Kelantan
Tg Piai
Deforestation Impacts in Malaysia
Rafflesia threatened at Lojing Highlands
Jeli: The biggest flower in the world, Rafflesia
(Rafflesia kerrii), also known as Bunga Pakma,
and the icon for the Lojing Highlands, is now
under threat from rampant land clearing.
Deforestation Impacts in Malaysia
Status of Water Quality Subject to Sand Mining in
Kelantan River, Kelantan
Kelantan Rivers case study revealed that total
suspended solid, turbidity and nitrate contents
were exceed the Malaysian Interim National
Water Quality Standard (INWQS) range
One of the points of study revealed that extreme
high contents of total suspended solid and
turbidity had caused the poor and stressful
condition for the aquatic life in Kelantan River


Tanjung Piai Erosion Problem
Tg Piai is known as The Southernmost Tip
Mainland Asia
Due to erosion caused by the presence of
strong current waves, oil and grease saw dust,
sand, and waste, Tg Piai is eroding by 100 m
per 10 years, which is equivalent to 10 m per
year!
Hutan Kita or Our Forest Programme
Hutan Kita @ Schools
Hutan Kita @ Hospitals
Hutan Kita @ Parks
Hutan Kita Mangroves
Seed Centre @ School
Tropical Rainforest Seed Centre Training
Programme
Conservation
Tropical Rainforest
Heath Forest
OUR PROGRAMMES
Reforestation program
focusing on rejuvenating
degraded area/ forest close to
urban center around Malaysia.

This program envisions forest
park filled with a variety of
rainforest species planted by
the community and others to
create a Sense of Belonging
SERIES OF HUTAN KITA
PROGRAMME
67
Hutan Kita @ Schools
Hutan Kita @ Hospitals
Hutan Kita Mangroves
Hutan Kita @ Parks
HUTAN KITA @ SCHOOLS
Bringing back Mother Nature to school
compounds
To teach the importance of
our rainforest trees
Nurture our young generation
HUTAN KITA @ HOSPITALS
Contribute towards the revitalization of
biodiversity within the hospital
compound
HUTAN KITA @ PARKS
WITH CORPORATE SECTORS & COMMUNITIES
73
Hutan Kita Mangrove
To protect the rich habitat of the marine
flora & fauna
SEED CENTRE @ SCHOOLS
TROPICAL RAINFOREST SEED CENTRE &
LANDSCAPE TRAINING PROGRAMME
From waste to wealth
1-Tropical Rainforest
2- Heath Forest

Preservation, enhancement, conservation & protection of
the environment & natural ecosystems of Malaysia
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
Malaysias deforestation rate between 2011 2103 is
approx. 115%
(STAR, 21 June 2013)
The Tropical Rainforest Conservation &
Research Centre (TRCRC) was established
on 1st November 2012, as company without
shareholding limited by guarantee to focus
on rainforest conservation.

TRCRC has a Board of Trustees to oversee
its activities.

YABhg Tun Jeanne
Abdullah
Chairman of the Board of
Trustees
Mr. Dzulkifli David Abdullah
Member Board of Trustees
YABhg. Tun Abdullah
Ahmad Badawi
Advisor to the Board of
Trustees
KEY PERSONNEL
Mr. James Kingham
Member Board of Trustees
ALTERNATE BOARD
OF TRUSTEES
Ms. Nadiah Kimie
Othman

Mr. Dzaeman Dzulkifli Mr. Richard Kingham
THE EXPERTS
Dr. Glen Reynolds - Programme Director of Royal Society's South East
Asia Rainforest Research

Mr. James Kingham Director of Tunas Harapan Sdn. Bhd.

Dr. Colin Maycock- Associate Professor, University Malaysia Sabah

Prof. Dr. Normah Mohd Noor Director, Institute of Systems Biology
University Kebangsaan Malaysia

TRCRC STRUCTURE & PARTNERS
TRCRC
BOARD
OF TRUSTEES
ADVISORS
EXPERTS
/PARTNERS








Joint management agreements between Tropical
Rainforest Conservation & Research Centre Bhd
(TRCRC) and the State Government and Forestry
Departments of Sabah and Perak

A minimum agreement duration of 30 years to
establish and operate Tropical Rainforest Living
Collections.

In Sabah, a Seed Bank will be set-up for the
preservation of seeds from local and neighboring
countries called the Tropical Rainforest Seed Bank.

All income derived (contributions, donations, grants,
operational profits, etc) shall be applied solely towards
the promotion of the objectives.

UPDATE OF ACTIONS




Sabah :Merisuli, Lahad Datu (500 acres)
(Agreement signed on 7 Nov 2012 )
Perak :Banun, Gerik (1250 acres)
(Agreement signed on 19 Feb 2013)

THE PROJECTS
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
LIVING COLLECTION
Merisuli,Lahad Datu,Sabah
Malaysia

Preliminary Master Plan
30th Jan 2013
Sabah Forestry Department

Tropical Rainforest Conservation &
Research Centre (TRCRC)
Labad Datu,Sabah
40 Km
0.5 Hr
18 Km
1.5 Hr
Lahad Datu

Commercial Nursery
(50 acres)
Lookout (5 acres)
Historic and
Discovery Precinct
Living Collection
(220 acres)
Core (15 acres)
Education Precinct
(60 acres)
Natural Forest
Restoration (120 acres)
Accommodation
Camping (10 acres)
Accommodation
Homestay
(20 acres)
THE TROPI CAL RAI NFOREST LI VI NG
COLLECTI ON ( TRLC) BANUN
Long term action plan in restoring, rescuing, rehabilitating, researching and preserving the Tropical
Rainforest
TROPICAL RAINFOREST LIVING COLLECTION CENTRE BANUN, PERAK
SITE PLAN
PROPOSED
AREA
20 KM
(20 mins)
Pulau
Banding
Jeli,
(Kelantan)
60 KM
(50 mins)
Source: Google Maps
Proposed
Project Site
Perak
Kelantan

z
What is Central Forest Spine (CFS)
2
The Central Forest Spine
(CFS) is a huge forested
area within a network of
forest complexes in
Peninsular Malaysia

It encompasses four
major forest complexes:
1. Banjaran Titiwangsa-
Banjaran Bintang-
Banjaran Nakawan
2. Taman Negara-
Banjaran Timur
3. South East Pahang
and Bera Wetland
4. Endau Rompin Park-
Kluang Wildlife
Reserve

Example of animal crossing
To Create The
Linkage
NURSERY INCLUDE SEED COLLECTION,
GERMINATION & PROPAGATION
Rambai Hutan/Baccaurea
kunstleri
Shorea macrantha Kandis /Garcinia parvifolia
Wild Rambai / Baccaurea parviflora Rambai / Baccaurea pubera
PROVIDE TREES FOR THE ANIMALS FOOD CHAIN

Light red Meranti /Shorea
smithiana
Meranti Majau/Shorea
johorensis
Balau Pasir /Shorea materialis
Belian /Eusideroxylon zwaggen

SEEDLINGS OF HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE /
TIMBER TRESS

Ensurai / Dipterocarpus oblongifolius Keruing /Dipterocarpus kunstleri
Keruing Latek / Dipterocarpus
Elongatus
Tualang / Koompassia excelsa
SEEDLINGS OF HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE TIMBER TREES
Cengal / Neobalanocarpus heimii
TRAINING CENTRE FOR YOUTH AND YOUNG FORESTERS
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
SEED BANK & HERBARIUM
Merisuli,Lahad Datu,Sabah
Malaysia

Sabah Forestry Department

Tropical Rainforest Conservation &
Research Centre (TRCRC)
The Tropical Rainforest Seed Bank & Herbarium
at Sepilok, Sandakan
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
HEATH FOREST

Some of the species are endemic and only can be found in this area


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