Radio Dimensioning For HSDPA Systems - Internal Presentation - (2006-07-21 Reviewed Version)

Nortel Confidential Information 1
Nortel Confidential Information

RADIO DIMENSIONING FOR HSDPA SYSTEMS
UTRAN-Dim Tool use case
Sylvestre DEMONGET
Core Wireless Network Engineering
Chteaufort 2006/07/18
Agenda
> Introduction
Aim of Radio Dimensioning
Radio Dimensioning for HSDPA
> Radio Dimensioning Activity (downlink) at Core WNE
Overview
Remarks
> Case Study : Orange France RFP 2006 / 07
Mobile Operators Specifications
Average Downlink Path-Loss Calculation
Single User Average Cell Throughput Calculation
Downlink Capacity Derivation using U-Dim Simulation Tool
> Orange Case Study Variants
Impact of HSDPA Traffic Growth
Multi-Carrier Feature Benefits
> Conclusion
Introduction - Aim of Radio Dimensioning
> Operators Needs
Predict how many users per cell will be supported by current network
When traffic increases
When Call-Profile changes
Call-Profile : Statistic distribution of traffic classes during a Busy Hour

Quantify the benefits of specific new features
in terms of network capacity, i.e. how many users per cell
will be supported by the future network

Optimize current/future network, in order to support
as many users as possible
> Nortels expertise
Radio Propagation, Network Capacity Analysis
UMTS Features knowledge (HSxPA, Multi-Carrier UMTS, etc.)
Radio Dimensioning leads to
Network Optimization and Hardware Dimensioning Recommendations
Introduction - Radio Dimensioning for HSDPA
Release
99
HSDPA
Release 99
HSDPA
Shared-Carrier case :
R99+HSDPA Traffics
on same 5MHz Carrier
F1 (W=5MHz)
F2
R99
HSDPA
Under Operators
Traffic Assumption,
derive HSDPA
Power for which
Av. Cell Capacity
would be Max.
Mobile Operator :
Assumption of a typical
Ratio represented by
HSDPA Traffic
(relatively to Total
Traffic)
Under Operators Traffic
Assumption, and for Opt.
HSDPA Power, derive :
Cell Capacity
(Max. #Users in Cell)
Req. #HS-PDSCH channels
() Tr. HS-DSCH
> Some HSDPA important characteristics
Big Shared Pipe

HSDPA traffic sent with all available power left by R99 traffic
> Network Capacity Calculation Principle for HSDPA
Remark : Value is used only for Radio Dimensioning purpose
> Under operators Assumption on Traffic Ratio represented by HSDPA,
find HSDPA Tx Power for which Cell Capacity is Max :

> Derivation of Downlink Cell Capacity
(obtained under the Traffic Assumption, forcing to )

> Derivation of Cell Number of ()Ph. HS-PDSCH channels
required to reach above Cell Capacity
Sufficient
Capacity ?
Introduction - Radio Dimensioning for HSDPA (continued)
Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
YES
Purchase of more powerful Node-B Power Amplifier
Multi-Carrier UMTS Solution
Etc.

OK
Operators point of view
NO
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Even if derived is judged sufficient,
Node-B Hardware may limit Maximum # HS-PDSCHs, thus Downlink Capacity
DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
Agenda
> Introduction
Overview
Remarks
> Conclusion
Radio Dimensioning Activity (downlink) at Core WNE
Overview
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
OPERATOR
Inter-Site
Distance
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
NORTEL Core WNE
Average
() Path
Loss
UE
Category
Single User Average
HSDPA Cell Throughput

Single User
Average Cell #HS-PDSCHs

(as functions of TX Power
Ratio allocated for HSDPA )
NORTEL
Access Design &
Commercialization
Solutions
Hardware
Dimensioning
Recom-
mandations
Propagation
Environment
Rural/Urban/etc.
Pedestrian/
Vehicular/etc.
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
C
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r
e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
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l

Radio Dimensioning Activity (downlink) at Core WNE
Remarks
> HSxPA Capacity Limitations
Downlink Capacity is often limitating (compared to Uplink Capacity)

> Propagation Model
Assumed the same for each UE
(Path-Loss Model, Delay Profile,
Downlink Orthogonality Factor, UE Velocity)

> Call-Profile (statistic distribution of traffic classes)
Gives User () Average Transfer Speed
for each Release 99 RAB and for HSDPA

Transfer Speeds averaged towards a Busy Hour
(i.e. Activity Factor for each RAB taken into account)

Assumption for Simulation :
Each user in the cell has the same unique Call-Profile
(False in the real world, but useful statistic concept for simulation)
Agenda
> Introduction
Overview
Remarks
> Conclusion
Case Study : Orange France RFP 2006 / 07
Operator Specifications
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
Inter-Site
Distance
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
UE
Category
Propagation
Environment
Rural/Urban/etc.
Pedestrian/
Vehicular/etc.
OPERATOR
NORTEL Core WNE
Average
() Path
Loss
Single User Average

Single User

NORTEL
Access Design &
Commercialization
Solutions
Hardware
Dimensioning
Recom-
mandations
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator
C
o
r
e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
o
l

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Operator Specifications
> Propagation Environment :
Dense Urban
Pedestrian A
UE Velocity = 3km/h
> Inter-Site Distance : 750m
> Node-B Max. Power
Amplification = 45W
(per sector)
> UE Category : 6
> Guaranteed HSDPA User
Throughput (for Active
status) = 500kbps
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
OPERATOR
Inter-Site
Distance
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
UE
Category
Propagation
Environment
Rural/Urban/etc.
Pedestrian/
Vehicular/etc.
> Call-Profile (at Busy Hour)
Average () User Throughput = 1kbps
RAB Traffic
Ratio
Voice 21.00%
Visiophony 2.88%
PS 64() / 64() 0.11%
PS 64 / 128 0.92%
PS 64 / 384 0.73%
PS 128 / 128 0.05%
PS 384 / 384 0.01%
PS 64 / HSDPA 3.60%
PS 128 / HSDPA 0.11%
PS 384 / HSDPA 0.02%
PS HSUPA / HSDPA 71.00%
Orthogonality
Factor = 0.15
()RAB User
() Av.
Speed
(kbps)
CS 12.2 0.2075
CS 64 0.0288
PS 64 0.0011
PS 128 0.0097
PS 384 0.0074
HSDPA 0.7456
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
OPERATOR
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
UE
Category
Propagation
Environment
Rural/Urban/etc.
Pedestrian/
Vehicular/etc.
NORTEL Core WNE
Single User Average

Single User

NORTEL
Access Design &
Commercialization
Solutions
Hardware
Dimensioning
Recom-
mandations
Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator
C
o
r
e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
o
l

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Inter-Site
Distance
Average
() Path
Loss
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Inter-Site
Distance
Average
() Path
Loss
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Inter-Site
Distance
Average
() Path
Loss
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Inputs for Inverse
Link-Budget routine:
Inter-Site Distance = 750m
Max. Distance from Site
= Inter-Site Distance x 2/3

= 500m
Assuming a 3-Sector Cell.
Would be 1/3 for 1-Sector Cell
Environment = Dense Urban
Env. Correction Factor
for Cost-Hata Model = 0dB
Out.Ind. Penetration Loss = 18dB,
Ratio of Indoor Users = 40%
7.2dB Average Penetration Loss
Antenna Height = 30m
Average () Path-Loss Calculation
Path-Loss at Cell Edge :
Cost-Hata Model
Max. Path-Loss = 127.1 dB

Average Path-Loss
Av. Path-Loss
= Max. Path-Loss - 4.4 dB

= 122.7 dB
Derives from averaging Path-Loss
linear value over a circular cell
OPERATOR
NORTEL Core WNE NORTEL
Access Design &
Commercialization
Solutions
Hardware
Dimensioning
Recom-
mandations
Propagation
Environment
Rural/Urban/etc.
Pedestrian/
Vehicular/etc.
C
o
r
e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
o
l

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Inter-Site
Distance
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
UE
Category
Single User Average

Single User

Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator
Single User Average HSDPA Cell Throughput Calculation
Average
() Path
Loss
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
Average
() Path
Loss
UE
Category
Single User Average

Single User

Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
Average
() Path
Loss
UE
Category
Single User Average

Single User

Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator
Ratio of Total () Power allocated to HSDPA
Single User Average
Single User Average
Cell #HS-PDSCHs
Av.
()PL
0
%
25
%
50
%
75
%
100
%
0
%
25
%
50
%
75
%
100
%
105,9dB
0 284,09 738,89 1207,51 1207,51 0 1,26 1,89 2,51 2,51
116,0dB
0 278,30 738,89 1190,64 1190,64 0 1,26 1,89 2,51 2,51
126,0dB
0 266,39 730,50 1190,64 1190,64 0 1,24 1,79 2,51 2,51
135,9dB
0 214,39 704,57 985,66 985,66 0 1,15 1,65 2,08 2,08
145,9dB
0 72,39 220,59 406,62 406,62 0 0,93 1,15 1,49 1,49
155,9dB
0 0,82 1,64 21,64 21,64 0 0,78 0,81 1,06 1,06
166,1dB
0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Table for Dense Urban, 3km/h,
UE Category = 6, Node-B Max. PA = 45W
122,7dB
0 270.32 733.27 1190.64 1190.64 0 1.25 1.82 2.51 2.51
(linear interpolation)
Remark : Values are for Active status, i.e. Activity Factor is not
taken into account here
Call-Profile
(=statistic
distribution of
traffic classes)
OPERATOR
Inter-Site
Distance
Node-B
Max. Power
Amplification
NORTEL Core WNE
Average
() Path
Loss
UE
Category
NORTEL
Access Design &
Commercialization
Solutions
Hardware
Dimensioning
Recom-
mandations
Propagation
Environment
Rural/Urban/etc.
Pedestrian/
Vehicular/etc.
Propagation
Model
Path-Loss Model
Delay Profile
Orthogonality
Factor
Inverse
Link-Budget
routine
Table resulting
from Core WNE
RF Simulator
Downlink Capacity Derivation using U-Dim Tool
Single User Average

Single User

C
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r
e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
o
l

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Single User Average

Single User

C
o
r
e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
o
l

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Single User Average

Single User

C
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e

W
N
E

U
-
D
i
m

T
o
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l

> Step 1 : Derive Av. HSDPA Cell Throughput
and corresponding # of users , for any
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
HSDPA
Thru Cell
HSDPA
HSDPA HSDPA
HSDPA ON
HSDPA
n
HSDPA HSDPA
ON
HSDPA User Single HSDPA
Guar
ON
HSDPA
ON
HSDPA
P
P
P
P
N Increment
Factor Activity N
Thru Cell
Thru User
n MUG Factor Activity N n Poisson Thru Cell Thru Cell
Thru User Thru User while
f or
NodeB
CCC
NodeB
HSDPA
=
=
>
=
>1
) ( ) , (
) 1 ( 0
HSDPA
N
Poisson Distribution indicating
probability for n users to be Active at
the same time
HSDPA specific
Multi-User
diversity Gain
System parameter :
Guaranteed HSDPA
User Throughput
(for Active status)

DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
Cell
Opt
PDSCH HS #
Downlink Capacity Derivation using U-Dim Tool (continued)
> Step 2 : Derive Average R99 Cell Throughput
and corresponding # of users , for any
NodeB
R
P
P
99
99 R
N
99 R
Thru Cell
=
99
1
99
99
99 R
RAB
N
i
asymp
i
i
NodeB
R
R
R
N
Factor Activity
P
P
Thru User
Thru Cell
99
99
99
R
R
R
Thru User
Thru Cell
N =
RAB
i

Activity Factor
NodeB
CCC
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
P
P
1
Average User
R99 Throughput according to Call-Profile
(Activity Factors taken into account)
Downlink Asymptotic Capacity
for RAB i
> Step 3 : For any , actual number of supported users is

{ }
99
,
R HSDPA
DL
N N Min Capacity Cell =
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
In Step 1 (Step 2), Capacity is derived directly from HSDPA (R99)
Downlink Average Cell Throughput. But considering the Call-Profile,
Overall Capacity can be limited either by R99 or HSDPA Cell Throughput.
> Step 4 : Find that maximizes

Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
DL
Capacity Cell
DL
Opt
Capacity Cell
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Downlink Capacity Derivation using U-Dim Tool (continued)
C
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D
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[
#
u
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r
s
]

P
HSDPA
/ P
NodeB
N
R99
N
HSDPA
Cell Capacity
DL
Guar
ON
HSDPA
ON
HSDPA User Single
Thru User Thru Cell <
P
HSDPA
low
No user can use HSDPA
NodeB
CCC
P
P
Max
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
is set to 25%
=75%
% 51 =
Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
users Capacity Cell
DL
Opt
686 =
686
0.51

Here Cell Capacity
stands for Sector Capacity
(we assume 3-Sector Cells)
Agenda
> Introduction
Overview
Remarks
> Conclusion
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Orange Case Study Variants
Scenario : User () Average Traffic Doubles (1kbps2kbps),
with HSDPA Part growing from 75% to 87%
()RAB User () Av. Speed (kbps)
CS 12.2 0.2075 x 0.93 0.1934
CS 64 0.0288 x 0.93 0.0268
PS 64 0.0011 x 2.27 0.0025
PS 128 0.0097 x 2.34 0.0227
PS 384 0.0074 x 2.32 0.0172
HSDPA 0.7456 x 2.33 1.7374
Cell Capacity
DL
% 60 =
Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
users Capacity Cell
DL
Opt
457 =
457
0.60
-33% Capacity Decrease
N
R99
N
HSDPA
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Orange Case Study Variants - Multi-Carrier Feature Benefits
3 Scenarios with Two 5MHz Carriers
One Dedicated Carrier for HSDPA, one Shared Carrier for HSDPA+R99
One Dedicated Carrier for HSDPA, one Dedicated Carrier for R99
One Dedicated Carrier for R99, one Shared Carrier for HSDPA+R99

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[
#
u
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r
s
]

0.75
0
1685
HSDPA,
HSDPA+R99
0%
1685
users
HSDPA, R99
1685
users
R99,
HSDPA+R99
1685
users
SharedCar
Opt
NodeB
HSDPA
P
P
DL
Opt
Capacity
Cell
NodeB
CCC
P
P
1
146% Capacity Increase
compared to Single-Carrier
with same PA per sector
Assumptions :
Node-B Max. Power Amplification
= 45W with 22.5W per Carrier
User () Average Traffic = 1kbps
N
HSDPA
on
Shared C.
N
R99
on
Shared. C.
Carrier Shared
Tot
Carrier Shared
HSDPA
P P
) (+
N
HSDPA
on
Ded.+Sh. C.
N
R99
on
Ded.+Sh. C.
1685
Conclusion
>Aim of Radio Dimensioning
Predict network capacity for the future
Quantify the benefits of specific new features
in terms of network capacity
Used as an input for Network Optimization
and Hardware Dimensioning
>Difficulties
Great attention must be paid to the realism of
input parameters and scenarios
Coping with imperfections in models used for simulation
Hata Model originally designed for Dense Urban, then tuned for
other environments (Cost-Hata model) -> not optimal for Rural, etc?
In theory Cost-Hata Model should not be used for small distances
(several hundred of meters), but is widely in practice

Radio Dimensioning For HSDPA Systems - Internal Presentation - (2006-07-21 Reviewed Version)

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Radio Dimensioning For HSDPA Systems - Internal Presentation - (2006-07-21 Reviewed Version)

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