Modulasi Amplitudo

Pertemuan 3
Matakuliah : H0122 / Dasar Telekomunikasi
Tahun : 2008
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Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan tujuan modulasi, proses
dan jenis modulasi amplitudo.
Learning Outcomes
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Pengertian modulasi
Tujuan Modulasi
Proses Modulasi Amplitudo
Klasifikasi Modulasi Amplitudo
Outline Materi
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Modulasi ialah proses untuk mengkombinasikan suatu sinyal yang
berisi informasi dengan sinyal lain.
Persamaan matematikanya:
e
c
(t) = E
c
(t) cos (
c
t + (t))
dengan

c
= 2f
c
e
c
= sinyal termodulasi (gelombang carrier )
E
c
(t) = envelope dari e
c
(t)
(t) = deviasi fasa dari e
c
(t)
f
c
= frekuensi carrier

Pengertian
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Introduction
Amplitude Modulation is the process of changing the Amplitude of a
relatively high frequency carrier signal in accordance with the
amplitude of the modulating signal (Information).
AM Modulators are nonlinear devices with 2 inputs
A single, high frequency of carrier signal of constant-amplitude
carrier signal
The low frequency information signal.
The Output of AM Modulator is called Modulated Wave and the shape of
the Modulated Wave is called AM Envelope.
It is often used for commercial broadcasting of both audio and video
signals.
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AM Waveform
Generally.
Carrier Signal => V
C
sin(2f
c
t)
Modulating Signal => V
m
sin(2f
m
t)
Modulated Wave => V
am
(t)
For Double sideband full carrier (DSBFC) AM waveform consists
of:
DC voltage
The carrier frequency f
c
Lower side frequency (f
c
- f
m
)
Upper side frequency (f
c
+ f
m
)
Known as AM envelope
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Indeks Modulasi :
M = (modulated peak voltage-unmodulated carrier
voltage)/(unmodulated carrier voltage), dengan 0<m<1
fc-fm fc
fc + fm
f
E
Ec
mEc
2
mEc
2
fc-fm fc
fc + fm
f
E
Ec
mEc
2
mEc
2
Indeks Modulasi
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The AM waveform reaches maximum value when the modulating
signal amplitude is at maximum value.
The AM waveform reaches minimum value when the modulating
signal amplitude is at maximum negative.
The repetition rate of the envelope is equal to the frequency of
the modulating signal, and the shape of the envelope is identical
to the shape of the modulating signal.

AM Waveform
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AM Waveform
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Frequency Spectrum
The Frequency Spectrum of AM DBSFC is shown below:
Frequencies between f
c
-f
cmax
and f
c
is called lower side band
(LSB)
Frequencies between f
c
and fc+f
mmax
is called upper side band
(USB)
The Bandwidth of AM DBSFC is FB = 2f
m
(max)
AM signal does not contain modulating signal frequency

A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e


Frequency
Upper side
frequencies
Lower side band
Lower side
frequencies
Upper side band
Carrier
f
c
-f
m(max)

f
c
f
c
+f
m(max)

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Modulation Index
Modulation index is an indicator to describe the amount of amplitude
change (modulation) present in an AM waveform (depth of
modulation), basically stated in form of percentage.
It is defined mathematically as :
m = E
m
/
Ec
m = modulation coefficient (unitless)
E
m
= peak change in the amplitude of the output
waveform voltage
E
c
= peak change in the amplitude of the
unmodulated carrier voltage
Percent modulation:
M= m x 100%
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Indeks modulasi dan daya sinyal :
P
t
= P
c
[1+ {m
2
/2}]
dengan
P
t
= daya total
P
c
= daya carrier

Indeks Modulasi
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0 < m < 1 m = 1 m > 1
mod 100 % (over-modulation)

Indeks Modulasi
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Klasifikasi modulasi amplitudo linier:
Double side band (DSB)
e
c
(DSB) = e
m
E
c
(t) sin
c
t
Bandwidth : B
T
= 2 f
m


e(t)
1/2T T
t
t
e(t)
f
m

f
LSB
USB
f
c

f
c
+ f
m
f
c
- f
m

t
B
T
=2 f
m

f
c

Klasifikasi AM
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Single side band (SSB)
Bandwidth : B
T
= f
m

Vestigial side band (VSB)
Bandwidth : B
T
= f
m
+ , where < f
m
Bandwidth DSB, SSB, and VSB:
B
T(SSB)
<

B
T(VSB)
< B
T(DSB)


=30%

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
SSB USB
=30% f
m
f
w
f
c
2
f
c
+
f
c
+ f
m
=30%

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
SSB USB
=30% f
m
f
w
f
c
2
f
c
+
=30%

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
SSB USB
=30% f
m
f
w
f
c
2
=30%

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
SSB USB
=30% f
m
f
w
=30%

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
SSB USB
=30% f
m

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB

Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
Modulasi
DSB
Filter
VSB
SSB USB
=30% f
m
f
w
f
c
2
f
c
+
f
c
+ f
m
Klasifikasi AM
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AM Transmitter Diagram
RF carrier
oscillator
Carrier driver
Modulating
signal
source
AM modulator
and output
power amplifier
Antenna
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AM Receiver Diagram
RF
section
Bandpass
Filter
Mixer/
converter
section
Bandpass
filter
IF section
Bandpass
filter
AM
detector
Bandpass
filter
Audio
section
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Telah dipelajari karakteristik modulasi amplitudo
Telah dipelajari peran sidebands.
Summary