Naming Molecular Compounds

non-metal bonded to non-metal

Use prefixes to show the number of each
type of atom
1- mono 2 - di 3 - tri 4 - tetra
5 - penta 6 - hexa 7 - hepta 8 - octa
9 - nona 10 - deca

Do not put mono in front of the first element
If you get oo or ao you can omit the first vowel


Examples of Molecular Naming
PH3 phosphorus trihydride
PI3 phosphorus triiodide
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
CCl4 carbon tetrachloride

NO nitrogen monoxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
NO3 nitrogen trioxide
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
Binary Ionic Compounds
metal bonded to non-metal
Naming: MgCl2
magnesium chlorine
ide
= magnesium chloride
Binary Ionic Compounds
Writing the chemical formula:

Magnesium oxide
Mg O
2 2 + -
Total charge
must equal zero,
so you need one
of each:
1(+2)+1(-2)=0
= MgO
Naming: PbI
4
lead iodide
Ionic Compounds with
Multivalent Metals
Pb I
4 1
Charge on each Iodine is 1-
charge on 4 Iodines is
4 x (-1) = -4
So the charge on Pb must be
+4
(IV)
= lead (IV) iodide
Naming:

Ionic Compounds with
Multivalent Metals
lead (IV) iodide
Change to OUS/IC system

lead (IV) iodide
2+ 4+
ous ic
= plumbic iodide
Ionic Compounds with
Multivalent Metals
Writing the chemical formula:

Copper (II) chloride
Cu Cl
2 1 + -
= CuCl
2
Naming: Na
2
SO
4
sodium sulfate
= sodium sulfate
Ionic Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions
Ionic Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions
Writing the chemical formula:

Calcium chlorate
Ca ClO
3
2 1 + -
= Ca(ClO
3
)
2
Ionic Compounds with
Polyatomic Ions
Meanings of prefixes and suffixes of polyatomic ions:

Prefix and suffix Number of
oxygen atoms
Example
Hypo_____ite
X-2 oxygen atoms
ClO
-
hypochlorite
_____ite
X-1 oxygen atoms
ClO
2
-
chlorite
_____ate
X oxygen atoms
ClO
3
-
chlorate
Per_____ate
X+1 oxygen atoms
ClO
4
-
perchlorate
Naming: H
2
SO
4(aq)
Sulfuric acid
OXYACID
ACIDS
Most acids have hydrogen
Naming: HCl
(aq)
Hydrochloric acid
BINARY ACID
Binary Acids
HF hydrofluoric acid
HCl hydrochloric acid
HBr hydrobromic acid
HI hydroiodic acid
H2S hydrosulfuric acid
NOT hydrosulfic acid
H2Se hydroselenic acid
hydrogen fluoride
hydrogen chloride


hydrogen sulfide


ACIDS
Meanings of prefixes and suffixes of polyatomic ions:

Prefix and suffix Number of
oxygen atoms
Example
Hypo_____ous
X-2 oxygen atoms
SO
2
2-
hyposulfurous
_____ous
X-1 oxygen atoms
SO
3
2-
sulfurous
_____ic
X oxygen atoms
SO
4
2-
sulfuric
Per_____ic
X+1 oxygen atoms
SO
5
2-
persulfuric
ACIDS
Writing the chemical formula:

Hypobromous acid
BrO H
1
1 + -
= HBrO
(aq)
HYDRATED SALTS
Writing the name:




Name of compound (using proper rules) (prefix)hydrate
Tin (II) chlorate pentahydrate

Sn(ClO
3
)
2
5H
2
O

HYDRATED SALTS
Writing the chemical formula:




Formula of compound (using proper rules) #H
2
O
Copper (II) hypoiodite tetrahydrate

Cu(IO)
2
4H
2
O

ACID SALTS
Writing the name:




sodium

Na
2
HPO
4
1) Name the cation
2) hydrogen is written second with the appropriate
prefix if needed (so if it is mono, then you dont
need to write it)
3) Name of anion is written last
hydrogen

phosphate

ACID SALTS
Writing the chemical formula:


aluminum dihydrogen phosphate

( PO
4
)

1) Write the formula for the anion and its charge
3-

2) Write the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms
H
2
3) For every H you add, add 1+ to the charge of the
polyatomic ion
1-

4) Write the cation and its charge
Al

3+

5) multiply ions until
charges add to 0

= Al(H
2
PO
4
)
3
DOUBLE SALTS
Writing the name:




Sodium

NaFePO
4
1) Name the first cation
2) Name of second cation with appropriate prefix
(except mono)
3) Name of anion is written last
iron (II)

phosphate

DOUBLE SALTS
Writing the name:




Sodium

NaFePO
4
iron (II)

phosphate

Why is this a 2?
NaFe PO
4
-3 x 1 phosphate molecule
1+ X
1+ X = 3
X = 3-1
X = 2
Must total 3+
DOUBLE SALTS
Writing the name:




Sodium

NaFe
2
(CN)
5
1) Name the first cation
2) Name of second cation with appropriate prefix
(except mono)

3) Name of anion is written last
diiron (II)

cyanide

DOUBLE SALTS
Writing the name:




Sodium

NaFe
2
(CN)
5
diiron

cyanide

What number
goes here?
NaFe CN

1+ 2X
1+ 2X = 5
2X = 5-1
X = 2
-1 x 5 cyanide molecules = -5
Must total 5+
(II)

DOUBLE SALTS
Writing the formula:




K

Potassium disilver phosphate

1) Write the chemical formula for first cation + its charge
2) Write the chemical formula for the second cation
+ its charge
3) Write the chemical formula for the anion + its
charge
Ag
2
PO
4
1+ 1+ 3-
DOUBLE SALTS
NaTl(NO
3
)
2
MgNH
4
PO
4
6H
2
O
AlK(SO
4
)
2
9H
2
O

sodium thallium (I) nitrate
magnesium ammonium
phosphate hexahydrate
aluminum potassium sulfate
nonahydrate
KMgF
3
KNaCO
3
NaNH
4
HPO
4
4H
2
O
potassium magnesium
fluoride
potassium sodium carbonate
ammonium sodium
hydrogen phosphate
tetrahydrate