WIMAX

NS Ahmad Farooq
NS Usama Arif
NS Muhammad Ali
NS Talal Shoukat
Basics
Along with a competing standard called "LTE," WiMAX,
short for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access,
represents 4G wireless Internet.
It provides 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with
the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations
WiMAX can provide at-home or mobile Internet
access across whole cities or countries.
WiMAX would operate similar to Wi-Fi but at higher
speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number
of users.

Basics
WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A
single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large
area -- as big as 3,000 square miles
WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a
small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a
laptop the way Wi-Fi access is today.
Basics
Services: WiMAX actually can provide two forms of
wireless service
non-line-of-sight: WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2
GHz to 11 GHz (similar to Wi-Fi). Lower-wavelength transmissions
are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions
line-of-sight: connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able
to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Line-of-sight transmissions
use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz.
Basics
WiMAX Coverage and Speed
WiMAX should be able to handle up to 70 megabits per second.
Even once that 70 megabits is split up between several dozen
businesses or a few hundred home users, it will provide at least the
equivalent of cable-modem transfer rates to each user.
Wi-Fi's range is about 100 feet (30 m). WiMAX will blanket a radius
of 30 miles (50 km) with wireless access. The increased range is
due to the frequencies used and the power of the transmitter.
Technical
IEEE 802.16 Specifications
Range - 30-mile (50-km) radius from base station
Speed - 70 megabits per second
Line-of-sight not needed between user and base station
Frequency bands - 2 to 11 GHz and 10 to 66 GHz (licensed and
unlicensed bands)
Defines both the MAC and PHY layers and allows multiple PHY-
layer specifications

Technical
Technical
Spectrum allocation
WiMAX Forum has published three licensed spectrum profiles:
2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, in an effort to drive standardization
and decrease cost.
Pakistan's Wateen Telecom uses 3.5 GHz.
Spectral efficiency
802.16-2004 (fixed) has a spectral efficiency of 3.7 (bit/s)/Hertz,
and other 3.54G wireless systems offer spectral efficiencies that
are similar to within a few tenths of a percent. The notable
advantage of WiMAX comes from combining SOFDMA with smart
antenna technologies. This multiplies the effective spectral
efficiency through multiple reuse and smart network deployment
topologies. The direct use of frequency domain organization
simplifies designs using MIMO-AAS compared to CDMA/WCDMA
methods, resulting in more effective systems.
Technical
Physical Layer
Original version specified a physical layer operating in the 10 to
66 GHz range and 2004 added 2 to 11 GHz range.
In 2005 (OFDM) was added which is a method of encoding digital
data on multiple carrier frequencies
WiMAX is the most energy-efficient pre-4G technique among LTE
and HSPA+

Technical
Media Access Control Layer
WiMAX MAC uses a scheduling algorithm for which the subscriber
station needs to compete only once for initial entry into the network.
Subscriber station is allocated an access slot by the base station
which can contract or expand but never omitted.
Algorithm maintains QoS by balancing the time-slot assignments
among the application needs.
Integration with an IP-based network
The overall network may be logically divided into three
parts:
Mobile Stations (MS) used by the end user to access the network.
The access service network (ASN): Connects subscribers to their
immediate service provider. ASN gateways form the radio access
network at the edge.
Connectivity service network (CSN), which provides IP connectivity
and all the IP core network functions.

Integration with an IP-based network
Access Network
Base station (BS)
The BS is responsible for providing the air interface to the MS.
Additional functions that may be part of the BS are:
micro mobility management functions, such as handoff triggering and
tunnel establishment
radio resource management, QoS policy enforcement, traffic
classification,
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) proxy, key management,
session management, and multicast group management.

Access Network
Access Gateways
It controls and aggregates the traffic from a large number of
WiMAX base stations.
The ASN gateway typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation
point within an ASN
Gateway includes following functionalities:
intra-ASN location management and paging
radio resource management and admission control
caching of subscriber profiles and encryption keys,
establishment, and management of mobility tunnel with base stations
QoS and policy enforcement, foreign agent functionality for mobile IP
routing to the selected CSN


Connectivity service network (CSN)
Supports the WiMAX network by providing management and
control for subscribers with services such as DHCP server, FTP,
AAA, inter-technology and inter-operator roaming, other
applications and services.
The CSN provides connectivity to the Internet, ASP, other public
networks, and corporate networks.
The CSN is owned by the NSP and includes AAA servers that
support authentication for the devices, users, and specific services.
The CSN is also responsible for IP address management, support
for roaming between different NSPs, location management
between ASNs, and mobility and roaming between ASNs.



Inherent limitations
WiMAX cannot deliver 70 Mbit/s over 50 km (31 mi).
Like all wireless technologies, WiMAX can operate at higher
bitrates or over longer distances but not both
Like all wireless systems, available bandwidth is shared between
users in a given radio sector, so performance could deteriorate in
the case of many active users in a single sector.
Market
WiMAX Technology at Home
Internet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles
from your home.
WiMAX-enabled computer will receive a special encryption code
that would give you access to the base station.
Network Enabled Networks will cause base station to send data to
a WiMAX-enabled router, which would then send the data to the
different computers on your network.
Method employed is VoIP
Market
Advantages:
the combination of low cost and flexibility.
WiMAX enables high-speed voice and data transfer over long
distances in remote and scarcely populated areas, as well as in
densely populated areas.
The wireless connectivity is not affected by the weather conditions
and does not need direct line in order to work
WiMAX products benefit service providers using their existing
infrastructure investments as WiMAX has the ability to interoperate
across various network types.


Market
Pakistans WiMAX
The market share of WiMAX has hovered around the 30% mark
(PTA)
there are over 2 million broadband users in Pakistan 0.5 million of
whom subscribe to WiMAX services and the number is expected
to grow ten-fold by 2020.

Market
Overview Of WiMAX In Pakistan
Thursday, 7
th
February 2008 marks the day when WiMAX
Broadband Internet was officially rolled out in Pakistan by Wateen.
Easy and inexpensive availability of various kinds of wireless
internet connections also gave WiMAX a stiff competition in the
market.
Qubee deployed WiMAX in Pakistan with an approximate of $70
million investment further stiffening Competition
In a recent PTA survey Wateen topped.


References
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/wimax/what_is_wimax.htm
http://propakistani.pk/2012/09/17/overview-of-wimax-in-
pakistan/
http://tribune.com.pk/story/487586/uncertain-future-of-
wimax-in-pakistan/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX