PRINSIP

HOMEOSTASIS
RAHMATINA B. HERMAN
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Andalas
The Good Health
The good health was somehow
associated with a balance
among the multiple life-giving
forces (humours) in the body
Physiologist
From the earliest (at least the time of Aristotle)
The Good Health
What is being balanced ?
How the balanced can be
achieved
Living tissue is composed of
trillions of small cells
Packaged in such a way to
permit movement of certain
substances across the cell
membrane
The advent of modern tools of science
including ordinary microscope:
The bodys internal environment is the
extracellular fluid surrounding cells
(interstitial fluid)
Most cells are in contact with the
interstitial fluid
The interstitial fluid was found to be
state of flux, with chemicals, gases and
water traversing it in two directions back
and forth between the cell interiors and
the blood in nearby vessels (capillaries)
Over the course of the 19th and 20
th
century,
it became clear that:
Plasma
(3 L,
20% of
ECF
Interstitial fluid
(11 L, 80% of ECF
Intracellular fluid
(28 L, 2/3 TBW)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
(Internal environment)
(14 L, 1/3 TBW)
Total body water (TBW)
(42 L, 60% body weight)
Healthy organisms: most of the
common physiological variables
found in normal
Blood pressure, body temperature,
blood-borne factors (ex: oxygen,
glucose, natrium) are maintained at
relatively steady states
Despite external environmental
conditions being far from constant
Further determined by careful observation:
The Good Health
A constant internal milieu
is a prerequisite for
good health
Claude Bernard
French Physician and Physiologist
The Good Health
Homeostasis !!!
Walter Cannon
American Physiologist
Homeostasis
Greek
Homeo - = same, similar, unchanging
- stasis = maintaining a constant level
Homeostasis = a tendency to equilibrium or
stability in the normal
physiological state of the
organism
Compensatory mechanism
Negative feedback mechanism
Most physiological variables
cannot be absolutely constant
over long periods of time
Normal range
Homeostasis is a dynamic process !!!
Homeostasis relatively constant
Time-averaged mean
Homeostasis must be described
differently for each variable
One variable/system
becomes out of balance
Other variables/systems in the body
become non-homeostatic
Just one non-homeostatic variable,
can have life-threatening consequences
!!!!!!!
triggering
The Good Health
All the major organ systems
are operating
in homeostatic manner
When homeostasis is maintained
it is referred to
physiology
When homeostasis is not maintained
it is referred to
pathophysiology
How quantify homeostasis?
Determine time-averaged means
Rely on values obtained from large
populations of healthy subjects
Distibuted according to age, sex,
weight, and other characteristic
Processes related to homeostasis
Adaptation and acclimatization
Biological rhythms: circadian
rhythms
Regulated cell death: apoptosis
Balance in the homeostasis of
chemicals
Food
Air
GI tract
Lungs
Synthesis in body
Storage depots
POOL
Reversible
Incorporation
Into other
molecules
Metabolism
Excretion from body
Via lungs, GI tract,
Kidneys, skin,
Menstrual flow
Balance diagram
for a chemical substance
Net gain
to body
Distribution
within body
Net loss
from body
SUMMARY
1. The bodys internal environment is the
extracellular fluid surrounding cells
2. The function of organ systems is to
maintain the internal environment
relatively constant homeostasis
3. Numerous variables within the body must
be maintained homeostatically
4. When homeostasis is lost for one
variable, it may trigger a series of
changes in other variables.