Group Members:

Nabeel Hussain (SP07-BB-0006)

Syed Owais Ali (SP07-BB-0135)

Present to;
Respected Sir Manoj Kumar
Presentation
Topic
 Agenda
 Definitions
 Expert System Concept
 Expert System Components
 Expert System Tasks
 Expert System Domain
 Expert System Characteristics
 Advantages of Expert Systems
 History and Examples
 Summary
 Knowledge-based Systems
A knowledge-based system is a program whose
performance depends more on the explicit
presence of a large body of
knowledge than on the possession of ingenious
computational procedures.
An Expert System is a KBS whose performance is intended to
rival that of human experts.
I.e., an expert system achieves expert level performance,
while being highly domain specific.
 How ES differ form other AI
 Subject matter of realistic complexity that
normally requires a considerable amount
of human expertise.
 High performance in terms of speed and
reliability is needed.
 Must be capable of explaining and
justifying solutions or recommendations.
 Expert System Definition
An expert system is a computer program that
represents and reasons with knowledge of some
specialist subject with a view to solving problems
or giving advice.
Possess knowledge
Specific domain
Solving problem or giving advice
Basic Expert System Concepts
 Knowledge base
 Inference engine
 Facts
 Expertise
 Problem domain
 Knowledge domain of the expert
 Expert System components
User interface
Explanation facility- explains reasoning of the
system to a user
Knowledge Base – production memory (rules)
Working memory- global database of facts
Inference engine
Agenda- prioritized list of rules satisfied by facts
Knowledge acquisition facility
 Expert System Tasks
 The interpretation of data
 Diagnosis of malfunctions
 Structural analysis of complex objects
 Configuration of complex objects
 Planning sequences of actions
 Engineering Motivations
Faster
Reliable
Cheaper
Institutionalized memory
E.g., HP micro-fabrication system
Less training
 Expert Systems Domains
 Medical and health applications
 Agricultural, Livestock, and food issues
and needs
 Energy Options
 Natural Resource Exploitation
 Space Technology
 Expert System Characteristics
 Simulates human reasoning about a
problem domain
 Performs reasoning over representations
of human knowledge.
 Solves problems by heuristic or
approximate methods.
Advantages of Expert systems
Increased availability
Reduced cost
Reduced danger
Permanence
Multiple expertise
Increased reliability
Explanation
Fast response; steady, unemotional complete
response at all times;
Intelligent tutor, Intelligent database
 Early Expert System
DENDRAL (’68, Feigenbaum,Buchanan, Letter
berg)’
first expert system
analyzed NMR mass spectrogram data to determine
the geometric arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
It is (was?) in routine use by chemists, and has
contributed to refereed journal publications.
 Different Expert Systems
Agricultural Expert systems
Rice-Crop Doctor
National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)
has developed an expert system to diagnose pests and diseases for
rice crop and suggest preventive/curative measures. The rice crop
doctor illustrates the use of expert-systems.
Farm Advisory System
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, has developed the Farm
Advisory System to support agri-business management. The
conversation between the system and the user is arranged in such a
way that the system asks all the questions from user one by one
which it needs to give recommendations on the topic of farm
Management.
 Different Expert Systems
Medical Expert System
HELP
The HELP (Health Evaluation through Logical Processes) System is a
complete knowledge based hospital information system. It supports
not only the routine application of an HIS including ADT, order
entry/charge capture, pharmacy, radiology, nursing documentation,
ICU monitoring, but also supports a robust decision support function.
The HELP system is an example of this type of knowledge-based
hospital information system.
PEIRS
(Pathology Expert Interpretative Reporting System) appends
interpretative comments to chemical pathology reports (Edwards et al.,
1993).
The knowledge acquisition strategy is the Ripple Down Rules method,
which has allowed a pathologist to build over 2300 rules without
knowledge engineering or programming support.. PEIRS commented
on about 100 reports/day. Domains covered include thyroid function
tests, arterial blood gases, glucose tolerance tests, hCG,
catecholamine and a range of other hormones.
 Summary
Expert Systems solved practical problems
with applications of logic based
Techniques.
However, handling certainty was generally
given short shrift.
There were successes in many areas.
Expert System help to make the work easier
than everbefore.