PENETRAMETER

It is a device that is used in

radiographic testing to
evaluate the quality of
radiographic images.

Radiography
It is type Non-destructive Testing.

Technique is suitable for the detection
of internal defects.

Rays generated are penetrating
radiation which is differentially
absorbed by the material through
which it passes.

Radiography
In proportion to the intensity of the
radiation reaching the film, and
therefore forming a latent image.

Image developed in a similar way to
normal photographic film.

Usually X-rays or Gamma rays are
used.


Penetrameter

Image quality indicators (IQIs).

Indicates change in material thickness
will be detectable in the radiograph.
They come in a wide range of shapes,size
and configurations.
Made from the same type of material as
the specimen being tested.



Image sharpness

Image contrast Good
IQI

Image Noise


The quality of a radiographic image
can be assessed in terms of three
factors:
There are four broad patterns of
IQI

1. Wire type
2. Step/hole type
3. Hole-in-plaque type
4. Duplex wire type

Hole-Type IQIs

This consists of a small rectangular
piece of metal with holes.

Notching system is incorporated for if
IQI is the correct material type.

Image quality levels are typically
designated using a two part
expression such as 2-2T.
Hole-Type
IQIs
Hole-Type
IQIs
Wire type

It consists of a number of wires of various
diameters are held parallel to one another
in a low density plastic mount.

A typical wire IQI will contain six or seven
wires arranged in order of increasing
diameter.

Diameter of the thinnest discernible wire
is taken as a measure of IQI (wire)
sensitivity

Wire sizes that correspond to
various hole-type quality levels
can be found
IQI (wire) sensitivity
Placement of IQIs
Placement of IQIs
Place the IQI on the side of the
specimen facing the radiation source.

Most tables of IQI values assume that
the IQI is in this position.

IQI image is completely insensitive to
geometric un-sharpness factors such
as source-to-film distance.

Conclusions
None of the existing designs of IQIs is
sufficiently sensitive to image
sharpness parameters .
wire can be drawn suitable for use on
thin specimens, are available .
For non-metals, the step/hole type is
the most convenient .
used to measure just the quality of the
radiographic image.
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