Lecture No.

Introduction to
Management and
Organization

1 Computer People 2000

 Management

 The process of coordinating work activities so

that they are completed efficiently and
effectively with and through other people.
 The process means ongoing functions performed by
managers like planning, organizing, leading & controlling.
 Efficiency means getting the most output form the least
amount of input.
 Effective means doing the right things, that is those
activities that will help organization reaches its goal.

2 Computer People 2000

 Management

Efficiency(Means) Effectiveness(Ends)

Resource Goal
Usage Attainment

Low Waste High Attainment

Management Strives for:

Low Resource Wastage(High Efficiency)
High Goal attainment(High Effectiveness)

3 Computer People 2000

 Who are Manager?

 Someone who works with and through other

people by coordinating their work in order to
accomplish organizational goals. For example,
 Coordinating the work of departmental group.
 Supervising single person.
 Coordinating the work of team compose of several
department's s persons.
 There are three type of managers.
– First line manager, Middle manager, Top manager

4 Computer People 2000

 Who are Manager?
 First line Manager:
 are the lowest level of management and manage the work
of nonmanager individuals who are involved with the
production of Org.’s Products.
 For example: Supervisor, Office manager, line manager

 Middle manager:
 include all the level of management between the top and
lower level of Org.
 They manage work of first line manager.
 For example department head, project leader, plant
manager or division manager.

5 Computer People 2000

 Who are Manager?

 Top Management:
 At or near the top level of Org.
 Responsible for making Org.-wide decisions
 Also establish the plans and goals that effect the entire
Org.
 For example: President, Managing Director, Chairman,
Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer

6 Computer People 2000

 What Manager do?
 Allmanager perform five management functions:
 Planning:
 Process of defining goals,
 Establishing strategies for achieving those goals,
 Developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.

 Organizing:
 Determining what task to be done, Who is to do them
 How the tasks are to be group,
 Who reports to whom
 Where decisions are to be made.

7 Computer People 2000

 What Manager do?

 Leading:
 Involves motivating subordinate, influencing individuals as
they work.
 Selecting the most effective communication channels, or
dealing in any way with employee behavior.
 Controlling:
 Involves monitoring actual performance, comparing actual
to standard and taking action, if necessary.

8 Computer People 2000

 Management Process

 Themanagement process is the set of ongoing

process and work activities
in which managers engage as they
plan, organize, lead and control.

9 Computer People 2000

 Management Role

 What manager do can best be describe by

looking at the roles they play.
 The term management role refers to specific
categories of managerial behavior.
 Forexample different role and behavior as student,
employee, manager,worker, etc.
 There are three types of managerial role.

10 Computer People 2000

 Management Role
 Interpersonal Role:
 Involve people and their duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in
nature.
 For example figurehead, leader and liaison.

 Informational Roles:
 Involve receiving, collecting and disseminating information.
 For example monitor, spokesperson and disseminator.

 Decisional Roles:
 Revolve around making choices.
 The four decisional roles include entrepreneur, disturbance
handler, resource allocator and negotiator.

11 Computer People 2000

 Management Skills:

 Manager’s job is varied and complex.

 Manager need certain skills to perform the
duties and activities associate with being
manager.
 Managers need three essential skills or
competencies.

12 Computer People 2000

 Management Skills:
 Technical Skills:
 Knowledge of and proficiency in a specialized field.
 For example: Engineering, Computers, Accounting etc,
 These skills are very important at lower level as managers are
dealing with employees doing Org. work.
 Human Skills:
 The ability to work well with other people individually and in group.
 Manager deal directly with human.
 Manager with good communication skills are able to get best out
of their people.

13 Computer People 2000

 Management Skills

 Conceptual Skills:
 The ability to think and conceptualist about abstract and
complex situation.
 Using these skills manager must able to see org. as a
whole, understand the relational ship among various
subunits, and visualized how the org. fits into broader
environment.
 These skills are important at top level management.

14 Computer People 2000

 Management Skills

Top Conceptual
Managemen Skills
t Human
Middle
Skills
Management
Technical
Lower-Level Skills
Management
Level of Importance

15 Computer People 2000

 Managing System:

 Anotherway to look at the manager’s Job is

from the perspective of managing system.
– A system is interrelated and interdependent parts
arranged in a manner that produce a unified whole.
 There are two types of system.
 Close System: are not influence by and do not interact with
their environment.
 Open system dynamical inter with their environment.

16 Computer People 2000

 Managing System:

System
Environment
Inputs Transformation Outputs
Employee’s
Raw Material Work Activities Products & services
Human Resource Management Activities Financial Results
Capital Technology & Information
Technology Operations Methods Human Results

Feedback

17 Computer People 2000

 Managing System:

 According to this approach:

 Job of manager is to coordinate the work activities of the
various parts of the organization
 And ensure that all the interdependent parts of
organization are working together
 So that the organization goal can be achieved.

 Animportant part of Manager’s Job is

recognizing and understanding the impact of
the various external factors.

18 Computer People 2000

 Managing in different and changing
situations:
 Management is not based on simple principles.
 Different and changing situations require
managers to use different approaches and
techniques.
 The Contingency Perspective:
 An approach that says that org. are different,
 Faces different situations
 And require different ways of managing.

 The contingency variables like Org. size,

19 Computer People 2000

 Managing in different and changing
situations:

 Routine ness of task technology, Environment

uncertainty and individual difference can have
a significant impact on what managers do.
 Process Approach: The production of items in
continuous process.

20 Computer People 2000

 What is an Organization:

 Organization is deliberate arrangement of

people to accomplish some specific purpose.
– For example College, University any company.
 All Org. has three common characteristics.

Distinct Deliberate
Purpose Structure
People

21 Computer People 2000

 What is an Organization:

 Distinct Purpose:
– This purpose is typically expressed in terms of a goal or set of
goals that the org. hopes to accomplished.
 People:
– All the org. are composed of people and these people help
org. to accomplish their goal.
 Deliberate Structure:
– All the org. develop some sort of structure so that their people
can do their work.

22 Computer People 2000

 What is an Organization:

 Due to changing of world economy, E-

businesses, Information technology, Free
trade, globalization and workers expectations
org. are changing form traditional to new
dynamic org.

23 Computer People 2000

 Why study Management:

 Studying management is very important as it is

need of every org.
 The universality of Management:
 The management is needed in all type and sizes of org., at
all org.’s level in all the org. areas and in org. in all the
countries around the globe.

24 Computer People 2000

 The Universality of Management:

All Size Organization

Small Large

All Organizational Areas Management

All type of Org.
Manufacturing---Market. Is needed
Profit ---- Nonprofit
HR----Accounting In……

All Organization Levels

Bottom Top
25 Computer People 2000
 Why study Management:

 The Reality of work:

– Most of the college graduate after their graduation
will become manager or be managed by somebody.
– Understanding the management process forms
foundation upon which management skills are build.
– Most of people some kind of managerial
responsibilities even though they are not on
managerial position.

26 Computer People 2000

 Why study Management:
Rewards and Challenges of being a Manager:

 Rewards
 Create a work
environment in which
Org. members to best of
their ability.
 Have opportunities to
think creatively & use
imagination.
 Help others find meaning
and fulfillment in work
 Challenges
 Do hard work
 Have to deal with a
variety of personalities
 Have to work with limited
resources.
 Motivate others

27 Computer People 2000

 Why study Management:
Rewards and Challenges of being a Manager:

 Support, coach and work with  Successfully blend

variety of people.
knowledge, skills and
 Work with a variety of people.
other things of a group.
 Receive recognition and
status in Org. and community.  Success depends upon
 Receive high salary, bonuses others work
and stock options. performance.
 Good managers are needed
by org.

28 Computer People 2000

 Introduction to Management &
Organizations:(Summary)
 Who are Managers?
 What is Management?
 What do Managers do?
 Management Functions and Process, Management Roles,
Management Skills, Managing systems, Managing in different &
changing situation
 What is an Organization?
 Why study Management?
 The universality of management, The Reality of Work, Rewards
and challenges of being a manager.

29 Computer People 2000

 Questions appear in Exam.

 What are the basic functions of management?

 Briefly discuss whether or not two additional
functions, improving and representing should
be added to the four fundamental functions of
management.

30 Computer People 2000