1.

1 Smart Statistic Intro

Includes those techniques and tools used for the collection,
display, and analysis of data for the purpose of making
decisions or constructing mathematical models.
For example, the relative effectiveness of two different
drugs in treating a certain disease could be decided by
analysis of data resulting from testing the treatments on
different ground.
It is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing,
analyzing, and making inferences from data. The subject of
statistics is divided into two broad areas descriptive
statistics and inferential statistics.

1.2.1 Qualitative Data
Qualitative data is a categorical measurement
expressed not in terms of numbers, but rather by
means of a natural language description.
Example: the eye color of female basketball players.
When the categories may be ordered, these are called
ordinal variables.
1.2.2 Quantitative Data
Quantitative data is a numerical measurement
expressed not by means of a natural language
description, but rather in terms of numbers.
Example: the heights of female basketball players
Not all numbers are continuous and measurable.
Quantitative data always are associated with a scale
measure.



Qualitative Data
The reason why we chose this topic to be used for our
qualitative survey is because birth months are only
describes the type of month and not involving any
numbers rather than our survey based on frequency
calling your parents in a month that involving
numbers of calling.
We can apply this kind of survey in our daily live
because in an organization we need to have the birth
month information for our workers or employee so
that we will know who the one is just passed the
birthday.

1.3 Why chose survey title


Quantitative Data
The reason that we chose the topic for our quantitative
data is because it is really suits the need in the
quantitative data which involving the numbers rather
than language descriptive. In our data we only used
numbers of calling and not using the type of call for
the survey. That is what meant by quantitative data.
We want to know how much time that they spent of
calling their parent.
This will lead to a data which might be useful as a data
for counseling session for the students in this campus.

1.3 Why chose survey title
2.0 TABLE OF UNGROUP DATA






3.0 Visual Representation of Data
Qualitative Data
Bar graph
Pie chart

Qualitative Data
Bar graph
Pie chart
Histogram
Frequency Polygon Graph
Ogive
Bar Graph (Qualitative Data)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
January February March April Mei June July August September October NovemberDecember
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s

Month
Birth Month of IPG Kampus Perlis Students (PPISMP SEM 3)
January
8%
February
15%
March
3%
April
13%
Mei
6%
June
7%
July
6%
August
7%
September
13%
October
6%
November
10%
December
6%
Pie Chart(Qualitative Data)
Birth Month of IPG Kampus Perlis Students (PPISMP SEM 3)
Bar Graph (Quantitative Data)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38
F
r
e
q
u
n
c
y

Number of calls
Frequency of Calling Parents in A Month
Pie Chart(Quantitative Data)
3 Times
40%
8 Times
29%
13 Times
12%
18 Times
7%
23 Times
6%
28 Times
3%
33 Times
2%
38 Times
1%
Frequency of Calling Parents in a Month
Histogram(Quantitative Data)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

Number of calls
Frequency of Calling Parents in A Month
0.5 5.5 10.5 30.5 25.5 20.5 15.5 35.5 40.5
Frequency Polygon(Quantitative Data)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

Number of Calls
Frequency of Calling Parents in A Month
Ogive (Quantitative Data)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

Number of Calls
Frequency of Calling Parents in A Month
4.0 Central Tendencies
The Mean
The mean of a variable is computed by the sum of all of the
values of the variable in the data set divided by the number
of observations. The population mean is denoted (and
is a parameter). The sample mean is denoted x (and is a
statistic).

Example: Data:100, 78, 65, 43, 94, 58
Mean: The sum of a collection of data divided by the
number of data 43 + 58 + 65 + 78 + 94 + 100 = 438
438 6 = 73
Mean is 73
The Median
The median of a variable is the value that lies in the
middle of the data when arranged in ascending order.
Half the data are below the median and half are above
the median. The median is denoted M.
How to Find the Median
Arrange the data in ascending order.
Determine the number of observations and call it n.
If n is odd, the median is the observation in the
position. If n is even, the median is the mean of the
two middle observations.
Example: Data : 100, 78, 65, 43, 94, 58

Example: Data : 100, 78, 65, 43, 94, 58
Median: The middle number of the set of data. If the
data has an even number of data, you add the 2 middle
numbers and divide by 2.
65 + 78 = 143
143 2 = 71.5
Median is 71.5

The Mode
The mode of a variable is the most frequent
observation that occurs in the data set.
To find the mode, tally the number of observations for
each value of the variable. If no observation occurs
more than once, the data have no mode. There can be
more than one mode.
Example: Data:100, 78, 65, 78, 43, 94, 58
Mode is 78

Pros and Cons of the Mean, Median, and Mode
The most appropriate measure of central tendency will
depend on the data.
The mode can be used for both qualitative and
quantitative data.
For small data sets (relatively few observations) the
mean is influenced by extreme values, but the median
is resistant.
For large data sets (many observations) the mean and
median tend to be close to each other.
The mean is easier to calculate than the median since
we do not have to sort the data.
Mode - Qualitative Data
Calculate the mode from the data.


By following the table, the highest frequency is 11, so
the answer is February.
Mode = February

Month Jan Feb Mac April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec
Frequency 6 11 2 9 4 5 4 5 9 4 7 4
Calculate the mean from the data.


By using the formula of mean that is:

Mean = 6+11+2+9+4+5+4+5+9+4+7+4
12
= 5.8

Mean - Qualitative Data
Month Jan Feb Mac April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec
Frequency 6 11 2 9 4 5 4 5 9 4 7 4
Calculate the median from the data.



By following the table, to find the median, we must arrange
the number increasingly.
6, 11, 2, 9, 4, 5, 4, 5, 9, 4, 7, 4
In order of increasing:
2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 9, 9, 11

Median = 5 + 5
2
= 5





Median - Qualitative Data
Month Jan Feb Mac April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec
Frequency 6 11 2 9 4 5 4 5 9 4 7 4
Mode - Quantitative Data
1. Using formula
Calculate the mode from the data.







Mode class is (1-5)
L= 0.5,
1
= 27 0 = 27,
2
= 27 20 = 7, c = 5
Mode = 0.5 + 5
= 0.5 + (0.79) (5)
= 0.5 + 3.97
= 4.47


No of call Frequency x
1-5 27 81
6-10 20 160
11-15 8 104
16-20 5 90
21-25 4 92
26-30 2 56
31-35 1 33
36-40 1 38
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
F
r
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Number of Calls
0.5 5.5 10.5 15.5 35.5
30.5
25.5 20.5
40.5
Mode = 4.47
Frequency of Calling Parents in a Month
2. Using Graph
Calculate the mean from the data.







Mean = x

= 654
68
= 9.62


Mean - Quantitative Data
No of call Midpoint (x) Frequency (f) fx
1-5 3 27 81
6-10 8 20 160
11-15 13 8 104
16-20 18 5 90
21-25 23 4 92
26-30 28 2 56
31-35 33 1 33
36-40 38 1 38

= 68
x = 654
Calculate the median from the data.
1.Using formula
















= 68 , so = 34 34 is under the class of (6-10)

Median class : 6-10
L = 5.5 , F = 27 , m = 20 , c = 5
Median = 5.5 + 5
= 5.5 + 0.35(5)
= 5.5 + 1.75
= 7.25


Median - Quantitative Data
No of calls Midpoint (x) Frequency (f) Camulative freq
1-5 3 27 27
6-10 8 20 47
11-15 13 8 55
16-20 18 5 60
21-25 23 4 64
26-30 28 2 66
31-35 33 1 67
36-40 38 1 68

= 68

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
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Number of Calls
Frequency of Calling Parents in A Month
Median = 7.25
2. Using Graph
5.0 INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Qualitative Survey/ Data
From our survey on 70 students of PPISMP Sem 3 IPG Kampus
Perlis, we found and decided that most of them were borned
on the month of February which is 11/70 students. This also
can be state as 15% of the students were borned on February
based from the pie chart.
Followed by September and April there are both 9/70 which is
13% of the students were borned on this month respecticely.
The third population is 7/ 70 students were borned on
November which leads to a percentage of 10% students.
Then in decreasing order, we have 6 students borned on
January, 5 students on both June and August, and 4 students
on May, July, October and December. Lastly we have 3% which
is 2/70 students that borned on March.

Quantitative Survey/ Data
From our survey over 68 students PPISMP Sem 3 IPG Kampus
Perlis, we found and decided that most of them calling their
parents 3 times in a month. This is because there are 27/68 or
40% of the students calling their parents at this rate per month
based from the survey we had done.
This is then followed by 20 students that made the call 8 times
in a month, 29% students made the call 13 times in a month,
5/68 students made the call 18 times a month and 4 students
call their parents 23 times per month. For 28 times per month
we had 2 students who made the call and lastly we had 1
student for both making the calls 33 and 38 times in a month.
These data were obtained from the frequency of the midpoint
of class interval for this survey based on 68 students.