GROUP 4

OLDHAM COUPLING
TOGGLE MECHANISM
PARALLEL MECHANISM
OLDHAM COUPLING
History
Definition
Advantage
Disadvantage
Application

COUPLING
A coupling is a device used to
connect two shafts together at
their ends for the purpose of
transmitting power.
OLDHAM COUPLING HISTORY
John Oldham an
Irish engineer best
known for the
discovery of oldham
coupling to solve his
paddle placement
problem in a paddle
steamer design.
USES OF COUPLINGS

To provide for the connection of shafts of
units that are manufactured separately
such as a motor and generator and to
provide for disconnection for repairs or
alterations.

To provide for misalignment of the shafts
or to introduce mechanical flexibility.
To reduce the transmission of shock loads
from one shaft to another.

To introduce protection against overloads.

To alter the vibration characteristics of
rotating units.

To connect driving and the driven part

SOME OTHER TYPES OF
COUPLINGS
Sleeve coupling
Clamp or split-muff coupling
Beam Coupling
Diaphragm Coupling
Disc Coupling
Fluid Coupling

OLDHAM COUPLING
An Oldham coupling has three discs, one
coupled to the input, one coupled to the output,
and a middle disc that is joined to the first two
by tongue and groove. The tongue and groove
on one side is perpendicular to the tongue and
groove on the other. The middle disc rotates
around its center at the same speed as the
input and output shafts. Often springs are used
to reduce backlash of the mechanism.
EXAMPLE OF AN OLDHAM COUPLING
ADVANTAGES
Serves as mechanical fuse.
Accommodates large radial
misalignment in a short length.
Economically priced compared to other
couplings with similar performance
characteristics.
Low moment of inertia.
Electrical insulation.

RADIAL MISALIGNMENT

If the misalignment
shaft centerlines are
parallel but not
coincide.
DISADVANTAGES
Slightly non-homokinetic transmission (that
is, the driven and driving shafts dont move
at exactly same speed throughout one
rotation) when angular misalignment is
significant.
Axial reactive loads exerted on support
bearings when torque approaches
maximum.
Accommodates only a small angular
misalignment.
ANGULAR MISALIGNMENT
If the misalignment
shafts meets at a
point but are not
parallel.
APPLICATIONS
Printing Machines
Pumps and Valves
Gearboxes
Conveyor systems
Propeller
Lifting Machines
Turbine Compressor
TOGGLE MECHANISM
Are used to obtain large force amplification
such applications as sheet metal punching and
forming machines

Are used, where large resistances are to be overcome
through short distances.

Combination of solid, usually metallic links (bars),
connected by pin (hinge) joints that are so arranged
that a small force applied at one point can create a
much larger force at another point.

For a mechanism, when one of its links is in a
limit position, we said that it is at the limit
position of a mechanism. For a four-bar
mechanism, if its limit positions are occurred
when the active link is aligned with the
connecting rod, this mechanism is at
the toggle position. At such situation, the
mechanism is called a toggle mechanism

CONTRIBUTORS OF TOGGLE
MECHANISM
Georg Johann Luger
an Italian who
collaborated to
Ferdinand von
Mannlicher on rifle
design and later on they
created Parabellum
pistol.
CONTRIBUTORS OF TOGGLE
MECHANISM
Matthaus Hipp
- a clockmaker
in Switzerland
who creates
the Hipp
Clock.

SINGLE AND DOUBLE ACTION TOGGLE
Consequently its use is normally restricted
to machines where only a single stroke is
required to complete the operation.
Single Action
SINGLE AND DOUBLE ACTION TOGGLE
Double Action
Two strokes are required to complete the operation.
TOGGLE ACTION PRINCIPLE
HOW TOGGLE ACTION WORK

Toggle action has an
over-center lock
point which is a fixed
stop and linkage.
Once in the over-
center position, the
clamp cannot move
or unlock unless the
linkage is moved.
FORMULA
APPLICATIONS

PARABELLUM PISTOL
HIPP TOGGLE CLOCK
HIPP TOGGLE CLOCK
HIPP TOGGLE CLOCK
APPLICATIONS
Punch Press
REFERENCES
http://wikipedia.com
Yan, H. S., 1999, Mechanisms (Chinese), 2nd edition, Tong Hua Books,
Taipei, pp. 169-170.
IFToMM Standardization of Terminology, 2003, Mechanism and Machine
Theory, Vol. 38, No. 7-10, Chapter 1.3.15 and 1.3.16, p. 774.
http://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=toggle+mechanism&source=ima
ges&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GWQ127A7bCTxoM&tbnid=GTAGqH9wxP2lFM:&v
ed=0CAMQjhw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muratec.net%2Fsm%2Fproducts
%2Ftp%2Fm2548.html&ei=Mk_yUZ_8JuWviQfz_ICwBQ&bvm=bv.49784469,
d.aGc&psig=AFQjCNEP9bZMftzwkuLHYQVZXXFbmrahIw&ust=1374920583
788827
Google Images.
Wilson, C. E., Sadler J. P., 1993, Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery, 2
nd

Edition.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luger_pistol
PARALLELOGRAM LINKAGE
PARALLEL CRANK FOUR BAR LINKAGE
CHARACTERISTICS


The cranks are equal in length.
The cranks are parallel to each other.
The distance of the fixed link to each
other is equal in length of the coupler.
. The coupler is also parallel to the
frame at all time.


CHARACTERISTICS



The input is a rotating motion.
Have a predictable and repeatable
relative motion.
It usually form a parallelogram
APPLICATION
PANTOGRAPH (DRAFTING)
PANTOGRAPH (RAIL)
3D PANTOGRAPH
MILLING MACHINE
CONTAINER
BOXES
LIFTS
GATES/BARRIERS
OTHER USES
THANK YOU.
QUIZ
Group 4
NUMBER 1
SET A

It is used to obtain large
force amplification
such as sheet metal
punching and forming
machines
SET B

The Oldham Coupling
was named for his
honor (full name)

NUMBER 2
SET A

An Italian who
collaborated to
Ferdinand Von
Mannlicher on rifle
design and created the
Parabellum Pistol.
SET B

What year did Oldham
Coupling was
invented?

NUMBER 3
SET A

Is used where large
resistances are to be
overcome through
short distances.
SET B

It is clearance or lost
motion in a mechanism
caused by gaps
between the parts.

NUMBER 4
SET A

A clock maker in
Switzerland who
created the Hipp
Toggle Clock
SET B

It is a device used to
connect two shafts
together at their ends
for the purpose of
transmitting power.

NUMBER 5
SET A

It is used normally where
only a single stroke is
required to complete
the operation.
SET B

The tongue and groove
on one side of the
Oldham Coupling is
_______ to the tongue
and groove on the
other side
NUMBER 6
SET A

In the principle of how
toggle action work,
what do you call a
fixed stop from linkage
on the toggle action?
SET B

Physicist and
astronomer, who
construct the first
pantograph in 1603.
He used the device to
duplicate or enlarge
diagrams.
NUMBER 7
SET A

It is used where two
strokes are required to
complete the
operation.

SET B

A Scottish inventor and
mechanical engineer
who improves the
Newcomen steam
engine
NUMBER 8
SET A

What year did Oldham
Coupling was
invented?

SET B

Mechanical linkage
connected in a special
manner based on
parallelogram so that
they move in a fixed to
each other.

NUMBER 9
SET A

It is a device used to
connect two shafts
together at their ends
for the purpose of
transmitting power.



SET B

In the principle of how
toggle action work,
what do you call a
fixed stop from linkage
on the toggle action?
NUMBER 10
SET A

The Oldham Coupling
was named for his
honor (full name)

SET B

It is used to obtain large
force amplification
such as sheet metal
punching and forming
machines
NUMBER 11
SET A

It is clearance or lost
motion in a mechanism
caused by gaps
between the parts.

SET B

Is used where large
resistances are to be
overcome through
short distances.
NUMBER 12
SET A

The tongue and groove
on one side of the
Oldham Coupling is
______ to the tongue
and groove on the
other side
SET B

It is used normally where
only a single stroke is
required to complete
the operation.


NUMBER 13
SET A

A Scottish inventor and
mechanical engineer
who improves the
Newcomen steam
engine


SET B

Italian who collaborated
to Ferdinand Von
Mannlicher on rifle
design and created the
Parabellum Pistol.
NUMBER 14
SET A

Physicist and
astronomer, who
construct the first
pantograph in 1603.
He used the device to
duplicate or enlarge
diagrams
SET B

It is used where two
strokes are required to
complete the
operation.

NUMBER 15
SET A

Mechanical linkage
connected in a special
manner based on
parallelogram so that
they move in a fixed to
each other.
SET B

A clock maker in
Switzerland who
created the Hipp
Toggle Clock
FOR NUMBERS 16-
25 WRITE TRUE OR
FALSE
NUMBER 16


Radial misalignment is the effective angle
between the two shaft centerlines.

NUMBER 17


Parallel linkage is commonly called 4 bar
linkage.
NUMBER 18


Radial misalignment is the distance between to
shaft axis.

NUMBER 19


Joseph Oldham invented the Oldham Coupling
in year 1921.

NUMBER 20


The cranks of four bar linkage are intersecting to
each other. 4. Continuous in motion is one of
the characteristics of parallel four bar linkage
NUMBER 21


The cranks of four bar linkage are parallel to
each other.
NUMBER 22


The coupler is also parallel to the frame at
all time
NUMBER 23


Continuous in motion is one of the
characteristics of parallel four bar
linkage.
NUMBER 24


One of the advantages of the Oldham Coupling
is that it can serve as a mechanical fuse.

NUMBER 25


Radial misalignment is the distance between to
shaft axis.

ANSWERS:SET A
1. Toggle Mechanism
2. Georg Johan Luger
3. Toggle Mechanism
4. Mathaus Hipp
5. Single Action Toggle
6. Over-center lock point
7. Double Action Toggle
8. 1821
9 Coupling
10 John Oldham
11 Backlash
12 Perpendicular
13 James Watt
14 Cristoph Scheiner
15 Pantograph
ANSWERS:SET B
1. John Oldham
2.1821
3.Backlash
4.Coupling
5.Perpendicular
6. Cristoph Scheiner
7 James Watt
8 Pantograph
9. Over-center lock point
10 Toggle Mechanism
11 Toggle Mechanism
12 Single Action Toggle
13 Georg Johan Luger
14 Double Action Toggle
15 Mathaus Hipp
ANSWERS:TRUE OR FALSE

16. false
17. true
18. true
19. false
20. false
21. true
22. true
23. true
24. true
25. true