ENERGI PADA KONTRAKSI

JANTUNG
HUSNIL KADRI
Fakultas Kedokteran Unand
Padang

2
3 JENIS JARINGAN OTOT


OTOT JANTUNG
OTOT JANTUNG
2
0
-
5

CARDIAC MUSCLE
2
0
-
6

OTOT JANTUNG
Sel selnya bercabang dan mengandung 1 2
nukleus ditengahnya
Myofilament actin dan myosin
Intercalated disks: Specialized cell-cell contacts
Desmosomes hold cells together and gap junctions
allow action potentials
GAP JUNCTIONS

small pores in the center of each gap junction
allows ions and small peptides to flow from
one cell to another
action potential is propagated to adjacent
muscle cells
Heart behaves as a single motor unit
THEORETICALLY,

AN ION INSIDE AN SA NODAL CELL
COULD TRAVEL THROUGHOUT THE HEART
VIA THE GAP JUNCTIONS
Sperelakis N, Kurachi Y, Terzic A, Cohen MV.
Heart Physiology and Pathophysiology
Academic Press, 2001

MITOCHONDRIA
Membangkitkan energi dalam bentuk adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
Menjaga fungsi kontraksi jantung dan
berhubungan dengan gradien ion
THICK & THIN MYOFILAMENTS
PROTEIN OTOT
Myofibrils terdiri dari 3 protein:
1. contractile proteins
- myosin and actin
2. Proteins pengatur kontraksi
- troponin and tropomyosin
3. Protein struktural
- titin, myomesin, nebulin and dystrophin


MYOSIN
Many different types
Myosin V vesicle transport
Myosin II skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction


ACTIN FILAMENTS:
Polymer of G-actin (43 kDa globular protein)
thin filaments in muscle


2 SUMBER CALSIUM PADA OTOT JANTUNG
CARDIAC VS SKELETAL MUSCLE
More sarcoplasm and mitochondria
Larger transverse tubules located at Z discs
Less well-developed SR
More Ca+2 enters cell from extracellular fluid during
contraction
Prolonged delivery of Ca+2 to sarcoplasm, produces a
contraction that last 10 -15 times longer than in
skeletal muscle
PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
Contracts without stimulation
Contracts 75 times per min & needs lots O2
Larger mitochondria generate ATP aerobically
Sustained contraction possible due to slow Ca+2
delivery
Ca+2 channels to the extracellular fluid stay open

MUSCLE METABOLISM:
ENERGY FOR CONTRACTION
Muscle cells need to generate large amounts of
available energy during contractions
Muscle cells have three ways to produce ATP:
Aerobic cellular respiration
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Creatine phosphate
CARDIAC MUSCLE METABOLISM

CREATINE PHOSPHATE IN MUSCLE CELLS

Resting muscle cells store excess energy in
creatine phosphate
During exercise cells can quickly replenish their
ATP supply using creatine-phosphate
This supply of energy is only large enough for
short bursts of activity (about 15 seconds)

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN MUSCLE CELLS
For short time periods muscle cells can make ATP by
glycolysis alone
The pyruvate is converted into lactic acid and enters
the blood if there is no oksigen (anaerobic)
This source of ATP can only power muscle cells for
about 30-40 seconds

KEPUSTAKAAN
Akar AR. Cardiac Physiology (IV). Ankara University
School of Medicine. Desember 2003. download 2011
Jenkins, Kemnitz, Tortora. Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue.
Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Son, inc.
download 2011
Cardiovascular System: Heart. download 2011
Chapter 6 Histology. download 2011
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle. download
2011
Khan R. Year I Tutorial: Musculoskeletal System.
download 2011.
Murray RK. Muscle & the cytoskeleton. In:Harpers
Illustrated Biochemistry. 27
th
ed. pp 565-587