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Gender -Related Development Index (GDI) And Gender empowerment measure (GEM) Both look at the how women fare in 146 countries (ostensibly not always data available) what aspects of modernity lend themselves to women's rights?
Gender -Related Development Index (GDI) And Gender empowerment measure (GEM) Both look at the how women fare in 146 countries (ostensibly not always data available) what aspects of modernity lend themselves to women's rights?
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Gender -Related Development Index (GDI) And Gender empowerment measure (GEM) Both look at the how women fare in 146 countries (ostensibly not always data available) what aspects of modernity lend themselves to women's rights?
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als PPT, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
How do we measure the status of women in any given
country? Does women’s status reflect the socio- political situation of any given country? Two good measures: Gender –Related Development Index (GDI) And Gender empowerment measure (GEM) Both look at the how women fare in 146 countries (ostensibly, not always data available)
GDI: composite indicator made up of 4 other indicators:
1. Female life expectancy at birth compared to male 2. Female adult literacy compared to male 3. Female school enrollment compared to male 4. Female estimated earned income compared to male GEM: also a composite indicator that measures gender inequality in terms of:
1. women’s and men’s percentage shares of seats in legislature
2. Female legislators, senior officials and managers as a % of total 3. Female professional and technical workers as a % of total 4. Women’s and men’s estimated earned income Level of gender equality not always dependent on national income Ex: Poland ranks 39th in the GEM Japan ranks 54th Despite the fact that income per person in Poland ($13,847) is less than half of that in Japan’s ($31,267)
EX: U.K. ($33,238 ) and Finland ($32,153 ) have
similar income per person, but Finland ranks 3rd in the GEM, while the U.K. ranks 14th GEM: 1. Norway 57. China 2. Sweden 87. Iran 15. U.S. 92. Saudi Arabia 16.Singapore 17. Argentina 34.Czech Republic 44. Tanzania 56. Venezuela What aspects of modernity lend themselves to women’s rights? But:
Gender Development Ranking (and human development
ranking) fall as some countries enter the global economy (modernize) 1995 2001 2005 Guatemala 87 98 103 Nicaragua 73 95 98 El Salvador 76 87 91 Women’s rights change with regimes: Before the Taliban, Afghan women could vote and were the majority of the country’s teachers In the former Soviet Union, women earned 70% of male wages Currently in Russia, women earn 40% of male wages
In Nicaragua, women activists say the
election of the first woman president, Violeta Chamorro, actually hurt women’s status One of the last bastions of traditionalism in West has to do with gender roles Most obvious sources of backlash against women’s rights can be found in countries where modernity is seen as threatening Ex: Afghanistan under the Taliban (again). Iran and the Khomeini revolution “Rail as they will about 'discrimination,' women are simply not endowed by nature with the same measures of single- minded ambition and the will to succeed in the fiercely competitive world of Western capitalism." My buddy Pat
"The real liberators of American women were not the
feminist noise-makers, they were the automobile, the supermarket, the shopping center, the dishwasher, the washer-dryer, the freezer." “Feminism is doomed to failure because it is based on an attempt to repeal and restructure human nature.” “Sexual harassment on the job is not a problem for virtuous women.” “When will American men learn how to stand up to the nagging by the intolerant, uncivil feminists whose sport is to humiliate men?” -- Phyllis Schlafly "Back in the prelapsarian fifties, women worked if they happened to fall into the .01 percent of the population who are able to have interesting jobs or they retired in their twenties to raise children and, incidentally, do what all serious people would like to do anyway -- be a dilettante in many subjects. As far as I'm concerned this was a division of labor nothing short of perfect. Men worked and women didn't. So when our benefactors come under attack as "patriarchs" and "oppressors," I realize, someone has to put in a kind word for the oppressors. For cocktails alone, I figure I owe the male population several thousand dollars. So I will be the one to step forward and say: To the extent one gender is oppressing the other, it's not women who should be complaining." --Ann Coulter Is there a place for changing gender politics in other countries as well as our own?
Would the practices that hurt women change if more
women were in power? Sirimavo Bandaranaike, first elected female head of state, 1960, Sri Lanka. She held office for three terms. Her daughter would later also become Prime Minister Muslim State Leaders
Khaleda Zia, C. Sheikh Hasina
Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Wajed, Prime Prime Minister of Bangladesh from Minister of Pakistan from 1988 1991 to 1996. Bangladesh, to 1990, and again 1996-2002. from 19 Oct 1993 to 5 Nov 1996. Megawati Setiawati Tansu Çiller, Sukarnoputri, Prime Minister of President of Turkey from 1993 Indonesia from to 1996. 2001 to 2004. Current Women Leaders around the World
1997- President Mary
McAleese, Ireland, 2000-President Tarja Halonen, Finland, moderate left centrist 2001 -President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Philippines, centrist (no defined ideology, accused of 1999-Prime Minister Helen Clark, corruption) New Zealand, center-left 2004-Prime Minister Luísa Días Diogo, Moçambique, center-right
2005-Federal Chancellor Angela
Merkel, Germany, moderate right
2006-Executive President Ellen
Johnson-Sirleaf, Liberia, centrist
2006-President Michelle Bachelet Jeria, Chile,
moderate left Newest Members of the “club”:
2007- Prime Minister Yuliya Tymoshenko,
Ukraine, centrist
2007- President Pratibha Patil, India,
moderate left
2007- Executive President Cristina E.
Fernández de Kirchner, Argentina, moderate left 2008- Prime Minister Zinaida Grecianii, Moldova, communist (in name at least)