DRIVES

INTRODUCTION
Purpose of drives
Types of drives
Dc drive
Ac drive

SCR
ABOUT SCR
A thyristor is a four-layer
semiconductor device, consisting of
alternating P type and N type
materials (PNPN). A thyristor usually
has three electrodes: an anode, a
cathode, and a gate (control
electrode).
The most common type of thyristor is
the silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR).
When the cathode is negatively
charged relative to the anode, no
current flows until a pulse is applied to
the gate. Then the SCR begins to
conduct, and continues to conduct until
the voltage between the cathode and
anode is reversed or reduced below a
certain threshold value. Using this
type of thyristor, large amounts of
power can be switched or controlled
using a small triggering current or
voltage.
Thyristors are used in motor speed
controls, light dimmers, pressure-
control systems, and liquid-level
regulators

SCR CHARACTERISTICS
Reverse
Blocking
Mode
Forward
Blocking
Mode
Forward
Conductio
n Mode
DC DRIVE
ABOUT DC MOTOR
Principle
Types
Series
Shunt
Compound
Speed-Torque characteristics


PRINCIPLE

In any electric motor, operation is
based on simple electromagnetism. A
current-carrying conductor generates
a magnetic field; when this is then
placed in an external magnetic field, it
will experience a force proportional to
the current in the conductor, and to
the strength of the external magnetic
field.
The Motor Principle: when a current-
carrying conductor is located in an
external magnetic field perpendicular
to the conductor, the conductor
experiences a force perpendicular to
itself and to the external magnetic
field.
The right-hand rule for force on a
conductor can be used to determine
the direction of the force experienced
on the conductor: if the right thumb
points in the direction of the current
in the conductor and the fingers of
the right hand point in the direction of
the external magnetic field, then the
force on the conductor is directed
outward from the palm of the right
hand.


DC MOTOR
COMPONENTS
Motor frame (stator) tubular or laminated steel
construction
End bells (brackets)
Armature: Commutator, Laminations, Shaft and
bearings
Field coil and pole assemblies
Interpole coil and pole assemblies
Brush rigging: Brushes,Brush holders and springs
Rocker ring

BRUSH RIGGING
INTERPOLES
FIELDS
ARMATURE
BRACKETS
FRAME
Fan
TYPES OF DC MOTOR
SHUNT MOTORS
SERIES MOTOR
COMPOUND WOUND MOTORS
Speed-Torque
characteristics
Speed-Torque
charecteristics
ABOUT DC DRIVE
Principle
Types
Non regenerative type
Regenerative type
Principle
Principle
Phase Angle control
Types

AC DRIVE/VFD
ABOUT INDUCTION
MOTOR
Principle
Speed-Torque characteristics


INDUCTION MOTOR
Characteristic features
1.Simple and rugged construction
2.Low cost and minimum
maintenance
3.High reliability and
sufficiently high efficiency
4.Needs no extra starting
motor and need not be
synchronized

An Induction motor has basically two parts
Stator
Rotor
STATOR CONSTRUCTION
STATOR WINDINGS
Stator laminations are stacked together forming a hollow cylinder.
Coils of insulated wire are inserted into slots of the stator core.
Each grouping of coils, together with the steel core it
surrounds, form an electromagnet. Electromagnetism is
the principle behind motor operation. The stator windings
are connected directly to the power source
ROTOR CONSTRUCTION
The rotor consists of a stack of steel
laminations with evenly spaced conductor bars
around the circumference.
The laminations are stacked together to form a
rotor core. Aluminum is die cast in the slots of
the rotor core to form a series of conductors
around the perimeter of the rotor. Current flow
through the conductors form the electromagnet.
The conductor bars are mechanically and
electrically connected with end rings. The rotor
core mounts on a steel shaft to form a rotor
assembly
ELECTROMAGNETISM:
When current flows through a conductor a magnetic field is produced
around the conductor. The magnetic field is made up of lines of flux, just
like a natural magnet. The size and strength of the magnetic field will
increase and decrease as the current flow strength increases and
decreases.

LEFT HAND RULE FOR CONDUCTORS:
A definite relationship exists between the direction of current flow and
the direction of the magnetic field. The left-hand rule for conductors
demonstrates this relationship. If a currentcarrying conductor is grasped
with the left hand with the thumb pointing in the direction of electron
flow, the fingers will point in the direction of the magnetic lines of flux.

Principle
Principle
NO OF TURNS
CHANGING POLARITY
Speed-Torque
characteristics
ABOUT VFD
Principle
Maintenance

Principle
VFD OUTPUT
VFD MAINTENANCE
Keep it Clean
Keep it Dry
Keep Connections Tight
DC DRIVE Vs VFD
AC DRIVES MAY BE BETTER BECAUSE..
1.They use conventional, low cost, 3-phase AC induction motors
for most applications
2.Multiple motors in a system must operate simultaneously at a
common frequency/speed
DC DRIVES MAY BE BETTER BECAUSE..
1.DC drives are less complex with a single power conversion from
AC to DC

2.DC regenerative drives are available for applications requiring
continuous regeneration for overhauling loads. AC drives with this
capability would be more complex and expensive