What is

Biotechnology?
Biotechnology
A wide ranging scientific field
which includes the
manipulation of living
organisms that results in new
products or processes by
that cell.
How Old Is Biotechnology
?
10,000 BC
Domesticating
Crops
Domesticating Animals
8,000-9,000 BC
6,000 BC
Brewing Beer
4,000 BC
Leavening Bread
1880s
Production of Vaccines
1940s
Production of Antibiotics
1980s Use of genetically modified organisms
Discovered the Laws Governing
the Genetic Inheritance of Traits
by Scientific Experimentation

Founded Modern Genetics
How Old is Modern
Biotechnology?
Genetically Modified Animals
1983 Transgenic Mice 1997 Cloned sheep
Modern Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
- microbiology
- biochemistry
- cell biology

Molecular Genetics

Genetic Engineering: Moving a gene
from one organism to another
- chemical engineering
- biomanufacturing
Genetically Modifying DNA
Integration of Foreign
DNA into Existing DNA
Gene Manipulation and Introduction in Plant Biotechnology
Restriction Enzyme
and Ligase
Examples of Plant Transformations
Biotechnology Industry
As of December 2003:
There are 1,473 companies & 198,300 employees

300 Biotechnology drug products and vaccines are in clinical trials

Biotechnology foods include papaya, corn and soybeans

Environmental biotechnology used to clean up hazardous spills

Forensic medicine is used for identification by DNA Fingerprinting

Regulated by the FDA

More than 323 million people worldwide have been helped by Biotech

Fermentation Vessels
in Biomanufacturing Plant
Biopharmaceuticals Defined
Any biology-based therapeutic that structurally mimics
components found in the body

Includes: recombinant proteins, antibodies, peptides,
antisense nucleotides, therapeutic genes, therapeutic
vaccines
Biotechnology Applications in
Health and Medicine
Protein Pharmaceuticals
Vaccines & Therapeutic Agents
Diagnostics: Protein or DNA Based
Gene Therapy
Stem Cell Research
Cancer Treatment
Biotech Products in Use
Epogen,neupogen
(Amgen)

TPA, Insulin
(Genentech)

Interferon Beta
(Biogenidec)

Algucerase
(Genzyme)


Anemia, chemotherapy
effects

Blood clot remover,
diabetic treatment

Treatment of Multiple
Sclerosis

Gauchers Disease
lysosomal storage
genetic defect


Gene Therapy
Insertion of a new healthy gene into the organism to
provide needed (usually) proteins, hormones etc.
Gene is carried into the host by a viral
vector that has been disabled
Can provide relief for many genetic diseases
Problems: Jessie Gelsinger, xscid babies
immune responses, and cancer
Cancer Therapy
Factors that inhibit blood vessel growth

Toxic chemicals delivered by antibodies to
specific cancer cells

Killer gene is delivered to tumor cells by
specific binding to the cancer cell
Stem Cells
Can be used to replace damaged tissue

Examples: Heart cells, Parkinsons disease
and Pancreatic cells in Diabetes

Ethical issues and lack of cells to work
with have slowed this research