BillSmelser 2

1
William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

28 January, 2013
A Brighter Tomorrow
LED Streetlighting in Toronto

Solid State Street Lighting

March 19, 2013

2
28 January, 2013
ANSI/IESNA RP-8-00
Re-affirmed 2010
Recommended
Practice for
Roadway Lighting
3
28 January, 2013
Purpose of Standard
Recommended practice for designing new, continuous
lighting systems
Roadways, adjacent bikeways, and pedestrian ways
Basis for design of fixed lighting
4
28 January, 2013
RP-8-? (Being voted on again by RLC & TRC)
ANSI/IES Document, if Approved will:
Use only Table 3 (Luminance)
Split into new Table 2 (Roadways) and Table 3 (Streets)
Illuminance may be moved to Annex
Not include Cut-off Classifications
Relate to TM-15 and Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance (MLO)
BUG Ratings for Uplight control
Rely on Veiling Luminance Ratio calculations for Glare Control
Describe Limited Use of Mesopic Multipliers based on TM-12-12
Hope to Publish in 2013.

5
28 January, 2013
Joint IDA-IES

Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance

MLO
IES
6
28 January, 2013
Prescriptive Method
Lumen density limits to address over-lighting
3 digit identification system for lighting products
B rating Backlight or light trespass
U rating Upward light or sky glow
G rating High angle zone or glare
Limits for each lighting zone are published
in TM-15-11(Luminaire Classification
System for Outdoor Luminaires)

7
28 January, 2013
Street Lighting Ordinance (Optional)
Light Shielding and Distribution
Cobra Head Street lights shall have zero uplight
Glare control shall meet requirements of ANSI/IES
RP-8-00 Veiling Luminance Ratio (Lv)
Exemption;
Decorative or architectural streetlights designed for
specific district shall meet uplight control requirements
U
Mesopic Vision
The Blue Lumen Myth
9
28 January, 2013
Roadway Lighting Committee (RLC) Research & Development
Presentation by Dr. Ron Gibbons, VTTI to sub-committee in LA Oct 1, 2010
Mesopic Factor (S/P ratio) does not apply to foveal vision.
Can be applied to peripheral vision when adaptation level is in the mesopic
range
Will be used only for areas primarily used by pedestrians when posted
traffic speed is at or below 40 kph (25 mph)
Calculation process is iterative and is performed at each calculation point.
Is not a multiplier that can applied to lamp lumens or illuminance levels
Use and calculation methods discussed at RLC meeting in Dallas last
week
May be deleted from final edition

10
28 January, 2013
IES Lighting Handbook 2011
0.3 cd/m
S/P Ratios &
Mesopic Multipliers
11
28 January, 2013
What is Different about LED?
Performance Considerations
Standards and Testing Procedures
Designing with LED Luminaires
William A. Smelser, BSc., IESNA, LC
12
28 January, 2013
Performance Considerations
HID Light Sources
Light produced by electric
arc
Intermittent (120 times per
second) AC current
Will extinguish if line voltage
not maintained. One to 20
minute restrike
No adjustment for operating
temperature

LED Light Sources
Light produced by photon
emission at diode junction
Continuous light with DC
current
Instant on and restrike
Life and efficacy affected by
operating temperature
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28 January, 2013
Performance Testing
IESNA Testing Procedures
For
LED Luminaires
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28 January, 2013
Performance Testing
HID Luminaires
Photometric testing to
IES LM-31
Adjusted to published
initial lamp lumens
No adjustment for
operating temperature
No adjustment to lamp
life

LED Luminaires
Photometric testing to IES LM-79
Absolute photometry
Lamp life and efficacy are derived
from data accumulated using IES
LM-80 procedures based on LED
junction temperatures in a
luminaire and calculated using
TM-21-11 procedures

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15
28 January, 2013
LED Measurement Procedures
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16
28 January, 2013
LM-79-08
Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid
State Lighting Products
Absolute photometry
Type C moving mirror goneophotometers normally used
for measurement of luminous intensity distribution from
which total luminous flux can be obtained
Spectroradiometer or colorimiter may be used to
measure chromaticity co-ordinates, CCT and CRI.
Spectral Power Distribution may also be determined

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28 January, 2013
LM-79-08
Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid State
Lighting Products

Tests are performed in a chamber with no external air flow at an ambient
temperature controlled to 25C 1C
Luminaire is placed in measuring instrument and energized for a period of
time until thermal equilibrium is reached
Measurements are recorded and published without any correction factors
Other electrical data is recorded
Electronic file is prepared using LM-63 format

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28 January, 2013
LM-80-08
Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
LED Light Sources are tested at a minimum of three case
temperatures (Ts); 55C and 85C plus one other.
Test point is defined by the manufacturer so as to correlate to and
be used to calculate Junction Temperature (Tj).
Ambient temperature in test instrument to be maintained at 25C
1C
Drive current is set and remains constant throughout the test cycle
Both luminous flux and chromaticity are recorded initially and at
every 1,000 hours for a minimum of 6,000 or a preferred 10,000
hours.
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19
28 January, 2013
LM-80-08
Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light
Sources

Resulting reports provide Lamp Lumen Output at the
three or more junction temperatures (Tj) used in the
test.
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20
28 January, 2013
TM-21-11
Projecting Long Term
Lumen Maintenance of
LED Light Sources

Approved by the IES Board in July 2011

21
28 January, 2013
TM-21 supplements IES LM-80 raw test data to provide LED
lifetime projections that are consistent and understandable
Committee included U.S. Dept. Of Energy, NIST, PNNL, Cree,
Philips Lumileds, Nichia and OSRAM
TM-21 provides two major functions:
1. Extrapolate a single LM-80 data set to estimate L
xx
LED lifetime
2. Interpolate a matched LM-80 data set (same current, 3 different
temperatures) for a specific temperature, and estimate L
xx
LED
lifetime
LM-80 & TM-21
LM-80
(testing)
+ = TM-21
(projection)
Something
useful
Courtesy; Mark McClear, Cree
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28 January, 2013
TM-21 New Concepts
L
xx
(Yk)
xx = % lumen maintenance (e.g., L
70
, L
88
, L
50
)
Y = duration of LM-80 test used for the projection
Calculated & Reported Lifetime
Calculated = what the extrapolation says
Reported = Calculated, limited by LM-80 test duration
(6x LM-80 for sample size 20)
Lifetimes always rounded to 3 significant digits
36,288 36,300
215,145 215,000
Example: L
70
(12k)
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28 January, 2013
TM-21-11 Tables
ABT1 30LED E35
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 96% 95%
60K 100% 100% 100% 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94%
70K 100% 100% 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93%
80K 100% 100% 100% 98% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92%
90K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 95% 94% 92% 91%
100K 100% 100% 100% 98% 96% 94% 93% 92% 91%
ABT1 30LED E53
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 100% 100% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%
60K 100% 100% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%
70K 100% 99% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
80K 100% 99% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%
90K 100% 99% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%
100K 100% 99% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 30LED E70
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 98% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93%
60K 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%
70K 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90%
80K 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 89%
90K 96% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89% 88%
100K 96% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88% 87%
Ambient Temperatures
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28 January, 2013
TM-21-11 Tables
8 November, 2011 24
ABT1 60LED E35
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%
60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%
80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%
90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%
100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
ABT1 60LED E53
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%
60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%
70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%
90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%
100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 60LED E70
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%
60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%
70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%
80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%
100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%
Ambient Temperatures
25
28 January, 2013
TM-21-11 Curves
Ambient C
60 LED E70
26
28 January, 2013
Levels of LED Standards
Level Description Example
Basic definition LED chip, LED lamp,
Module, Light
Engine
IES RP-16
LED Component Colour, Lumen
Maintenance,
Binning
ANSI C78.377A,
IES LM-80, IES TM-
21, NEMA SSL-3,
CSA C22.2 No. 250.13
Fixture Photometry, safety IES LM-79, UL 8750,
CSA C22.2 No.250
Application Streets, Roadways
Parking Areas
IES RP-8,
IES RP-20
Program Energy, utility US EPA Energy Star,
Design Lights
Consortia, Korean
Energy Program, etc.
27
28 January, 2013
Junction Temperature Relationships
Relationship between Tj and Light Output or efficacy
Every photometric file tested to LM-79 will potentially have a
different LLD curve
Relationship between Tj and expected useful life
The same luminaire with changes to LED quantity and/or drive
current will have different projected life to Lxx or a different Lxx at
projected useful life of system.
Lxx represents the appropriate Lamp Lumen Depreciation
level
Optimum end of Life should be based on the expected life
of the luminaire not just the LED array.

28
28 January, 2013
We can now design for the light
level that is required at end of
useful life rather than using
estimated mean lumens.

29
28 January, 2013
Designing with LED
Luminaires
30
28 January, 2013
LED Street Lighting Design Parameters
Existing Street for conversion
i. Street Parameters
a) Number and width of driving lanes
b) Width of any turn lanes
c) Width and location of parking lanes and bicycle lanes
ii. Street usage classification and Pedestrian conflict
iii. Pole specifics
a) Luminaire mounting height
b) Pole setback from curb
c) Bracket arm type and length
d) Arrangement and spacing
iv. Proposed cleaning cycle
v. Existing luminaires

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28 January, 2013
Sample Application
Existing 200W HPS Flat Glass Cobra Head
245W input CWA ballast
Collector Street with Medium Pedestrian Traffic
Four lanes (2 in each direction). 3.5m lane widths
Staggered Poles spacing 79m
10.4m Mounting Height
2.5m setback
2.4m arms
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28 January, 2013
Sample Application
Retrofit from HPS to LED
No change in pole location or bracket arm
Expected useful life; 20 years (88,000 hours)
Cleaning every five years
Clean atmospheric conditions
Average night-time temperature 10C
Require 50% energy reduction

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28 January, 2013
Luminaire Dirt Depreciation

LDD = 0.89
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28 January, 2013
LLF = LDD X LLD
LDD from IES RP-8-00;
5-year cleaning,
Clean ambient
LDD = 0.89
LLD from specific TM-21-11 table
Average night-time ambient; 10C
Expected project life-time; 90,000 operating hours
LLD = ?
LLF = 0.89 x ? = ??????

35
28 January, 2013
LLF = LDD X LLD
5-year cleaning,
Clean ambient
LDD = 0.89
LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E70) 700mA
90,000 operating hours
LLD =
LLF = 0.89 x .93 = .83

.93
ABT1 60LED E35
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%
60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%
80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%
90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%
100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
ABT1 60LED E53
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%
60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%
70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%
90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%
100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 60LED E70
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%
60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%
70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%
80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%
100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%
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28 January, 2013
LLF = LDD X LLD
5-year cleaning,
Clean ambient
LDD = 0.89
LLD from specific TM-21-11 table (60LED E53) 525mA
90,000 operating hours
LLD =
LLF = 0.89 x .96 = .85

.96
ABT1 60LED E35
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 100% 100% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93%
60K 100% 100% 96% 95% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
70K 99% 99% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 92% 91%
80K 99% 99% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90%
90K 99% 99% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 89%
100K 99% 99% 94% 93% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
ABT1 60LED E53
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 99% 98% 99% 97% 97% 96% 95% 95% 94%
60K 99% 97% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93%
70K 98% 97% 98% 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92%
80K 98% 96% 97% 96% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91%
90K 98% 96% 97% 95% 94% 93% 92% 91% 90%
100K 97% 96% 97% 95% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89%
ABT1 60LED E70
Operating Hours 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
50K 96% 96% 95% 94% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92%
60K 96% 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 92% 91% 91%
70K 95% 94% 93% 93% 92% 91% 91% 90% 90%
80K 94% 93% 92% 92% 91% 90% 89% 89% 88%
90K 94% 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 88% 87%
100K 93% 92% 91% 90% 89% 88% 87% 87% 86%
37
28 January, 2013
Existing 200W Flat Glass Cobra Head
245W input CWA ballast
IES RP-8-05 RECOMMENDATION
Avg. Maintained; 0.6 cd/m
Max./Min; 6.0
Avg./Min.: 3.5
Lv Ratio; 0.4
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28 January, 2013
LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 700mA)

144.5 W input Electronic Driver
Max./Min; 6.0
Avg./Min.: 3.5
Lv Ratio; 0.4
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28 January, 2013
LED Luminaire #1 (60 LED 525mA)

105.7 W input Electronic Driver
Max./Min; 6.0
Avg./Min.: 3.5
Lv Ratio; 0.4
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28 January, 2013
Surge Protection
All Electronic Devices Require
Protection from Induced Voltage Surges
41
28 January, 2013

Category A: Indoor: 6kV / 0.5kA
Category B: Indoor: 6kV / 3kA
Category C Low: Outdoor: 6kV / 3kA
Category C High: Outdoor : 10kV/10kA
C B A
IEEE STD
C62.41
LEDgend Combats Surge IEEE C62.41 2002
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28 January, 2013
Design Integrity System Life - Surge Protection
Surge Protection Device designed to
meet ANSI/IEEE C62.41 2002-
Category C High
Specifically designed for Electronic
control gear including LED Drivers
Designed to fail off. Disconnects driver
from mains.
To continue to protect luminaire
electronics until SPD is replaced.
Warns that SPD has failed and
needs to be replaced
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28 January, 2013
Basic LED Luminaire Specification
Colour Temperature
Supply Voltage
Photocontrol receptacle if required
Paint finish colour if required
Must be located on existing bracket arms and pole locations
Internal field level adjustment
Must meet RP-8 Table 3 lighting requirements for street classifications
LM-79 photometry from independent NVLAP approved lab
TM-21 LLD data
Vibration test data
Surge protection data
Warranty
44
28 January, 2013
Optional LED Luminaire Requirements
Dimming, Monitoring, Metering
Dimmable Driver
Part-Night Dimming
Constant Light Output Dimming
Wireless Monitoring
Optional Metering
45
28 January, 2013
Discussion

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William A. Smelser, BSc, IESNA, LC

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