1.

Ammonium molybdo phosphate (AMP)

2. Copper ferrocyanate (Cu Fe(CN)6)
1 Ammonium molybdo phosphate (AMP)
Sea Water (150 liters)
Acidification to pH = 2
+ tracers:
134
Cs
+ carriers: Cs (40 mg)
+ AMP
Mix vigorously for 10 to 15 minutes.
Allow to settle overnight.
Remove supernatant.
Collect AMP suspension

AMP(Cs) suspension from sea water
AMP(Cs) suspension from sea water
settling, siphoning/decanting
of supernatant solution,
centrifuging AMP(Cs)
AMP(Cs) precipitate (1st)
+ 10M NaOH to dissolve AMP(Cs)
centrifuge/filter insoluble residue
Cs
+
, NH
3
, (MoO
3
)
12
PO
4
3-
solution in NaOH
heat, boil out NH
3

dilute to 500 ml
acidify to pH = 2 with conc HCl
add 1g fresh AMP
AMP(Cs) precipitate (2nd)
settling, decanting, centrifuging
+10M NaOH to dissolve AMP(Cs)
adjust volume to standard
geometry
134
Cs,
137
Cs solution for
gamma spectrometry
Cartridge preparation:

cartridges used in cotton with a stainless steel core.
(Cuno Mycrowynd C-CCTY 1m cotton media, stainless steel core 316).
2 Pre-concentration of caesium using CuFeCN
6
cartridges.
Cartridge soaked in Fe(II)(CN)
6
solution
(concentration of 10g per 300ml water)
Cartridge soaked in Cu(II)(NO
3
)
2
solution
(concentration of 10g per 300ml water)
Precipitate forms.
Dry in an oven at 80C (~2 days)
Dry in an oven at 80C (~2 days)
Rinse with deionised water to remove excess particles
Cartridges pack in plastic bag, ready to use.
Use of cartridge:


a) With
134
Cs tracer:
150 liters of seawater not acidified
Add
134
Cs spike
Pump twice the seawater through one CuFeCN
6
cartridge
to a same sized precipitation tank at a flow rate of 4 liters/min
Ash the cartridge at 400C for 4 days.
collect the ashes in the appropriate box for gamma
counting
Air dry the cartridges.
b) Without
134
Cs tracer:
Note the salinity and the temperature.
Filter the water through a 1m polypropylene cartridge.
Use a flow meter to check the volume and the flow rate.
Use two Cu Fe(CN)
6
cartridges.
Flow
meter
1

m

F
i
l
t
e
r

1
s
t

C
u

F
e
(
C
N
)
6

2
n
d

C
u

F
e
(
C
N
)
6

p
u
m
p

The Cs collection efficiency can be calculated from equation 1
Where

E = adsorption efficiency of cartridge (%)
A
A
= Cs activity of first cartridge (Bq)
A
B
= Cs activity of second cartridge (Bq)
The initial Cesium concentration in the sample can then be calculated
from equation 2
The equation 1 is obtained assuming that the consecutive cartridges
connected in series have the same efficiencies.
In which

C(Cs) = Cs concentration (Bq/l)
A
A
= Cs activity on cartridge A (Bq)
V = Sample volume passed through cartridges(l)
E = adsorption efficiency of cartridge (%)