Relative Clause

Presented by :
Jenny Sari Chandra - 102111169
Peggy Andriany 102111134
Jeniffer Lie 102111371
Efa - 102111363
Freedy Ferson - 102111231
Dendy Hardiansyah - 102111304
Hendy Lim - 102111355
Sundaryanto - 102111436
Albert Sanjaya - 102111517
RELATIVE CLAUSES


Emma: / saw Natalie the other day.

Melanie: Natalie? The girl who plays the
piano?

Emma: No, that's Natasha. Natalie is the
student who dropped out of college, the one
who never did any studying. She's working in
Davidson's now, the shop that sells very
expensive clothes.

Introduction - Relative clauses with
who, which and that
The relative clauses in this conversation
identify which person or thing we are talking
about. The clause who plays the piano tells us
which girl Melanie means. The clause that
sells very expensive clothes tells us which
shop Emma means.
The relative pronouns who, which and that go after the
noun and at the beginning of the relative clause.

Who refers to people.
Nick is the man who owns that enormous dog. I don't like
people who tell jokes all the time.
The little girl who sat next to me on the coach ate sweets the
whole way.
Sarah is pretty annoyed with the person who stole her mobile
phone.

We can also use that, but it is less usual.
Jake is the man that plays the guitar.
The woman that lived here before us is a romantic novelist.
Who, which and that
That and which refer to things. That is more usual
than which, especially in conversation.

The car that won the race looked very futuristic, didn't
it? They've recaptured all the animals that escaped
from the zoo. The children saw the actual spacecraft
that landed on the moon.

Which can be a little formal.

There are several restaurants which do Sunday
lunches. Is Zedco the company which was taken
over last year?


RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Defining Clauses
Defining clauses tell us which person or thing, or which
kind of person or thing, is meant.
Paris is a city Ive always wanted to visit

2. Non-Defining Clauses
Non-defining clauses add extra information,
separated by commas in writing, and intonation
in speaking.
Toms mother, who is 78, goes swimming
every day






RELATIVE CLAUSES
Omitting the relative pronoun
1. Object Clauses
The relative pronoun can be left out in object clauses in
both speaking and writing if they are defining.
Thats the flat I was looking for

2. Non-Defining Clauses
The relative pronoun cannot be left out in a
non-defining clause.
I poured him a glass of wine, which he drank
at once








1. Subject and Object
Relative clauses give extra information about a noun
in the main clause. They can refer to this as subject or
object.
Thats the woman who bought my car

Thats the flat that I was looking for

2. Combining sentences
Note how sentences are combined.
Subject :
This is Sofia. She bought my car
Sofia is the person who bought my car
Object :
That is the flat. I was looking for it
That is the flat that I was looking for

RELATIVE CLAUSES
Subject
Object
WHOM & WHOSE
We can also use whom instead of who as
object, although whom is very formal:
She's an actress whom most people think is
at the peak of her career.

We can also use whose in a non-defining
relative clause:
Neil Adams, whose parents are both
teachers, won first prize in the competition.

We use a relative clause beginning with whose + noun, particularly in
written English, when we talk about something belonging to or associated with
a person. Compare:
Stevenson is an architect. Her designs have won international praise. And,
Stevenson is an architect whose designs have won international praise.
Dr Rowan has had to do all his own typing. His secretary resigned two weeks
ago. And,
Dr Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to all his own
typing.

We can use whose in both defining and non-defining relative clauses.
We sometimes use whose when we are talking about things, in particular when we
are talking
about towns or countries, and organisations:
The film was made in Botswana, whose wildlife parks are larger than those in
Kenya.

who, what, whatever, whoever, whichever
We sometimes use relative clauses beginning
with who or what. In this case, who means 'the
people that' and what means something like 'the
thing(s) that.

Relative clauses beginning with whatever (=
anything or it doesn't matter what), whoever (= the
person/group who or any person/group who), or
whichever (= one thing or person from a limited
number of things or people) are used to talk about
things or people that are indefinite or unknown:
I'm sure I'll enjoy eating whatever you cook.



EXERCISE:
1. The telephone is in your room . The telephone is
ringing.
2. I see the doctor in the room. The doctor is my
father.
3. I see the flowers. The flowers are in the pond.
4. The man is playing baseball. The man is holding a
bat.
5. She is a scientist. We agree with her.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Any Questions??
Thanks for your attention..
Enjoy your day..=)
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercises (I)
1. Choose the most suitable word in each sentence.
a) My friend Jack, that/who/whose parents live in Glasgow,
invited me to spend Christmas in Scotland.
b) Heres the computer program that/whom/whose I told
you about.
c) I dont believe the story that/who/whom she told us.
d) Peter comes from Witney, that/who/which is near
Oxford.
e) This is the gum with that/whom/which the murder
was commited.
f) Have you received the parcel that/whom/which
we sent you?
g) Is this the person who/which/whose you asked me about?
h) Thats the girl that/who/whose brother sits next to me at
school.
i) The meal, that/which/whose wasnt very tasty, was quite
expensive.
j) We didnt enjoy the play that/who/whose we went to see.






RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercises (II)
1. Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the
space blank wherever possible.

a) The person ..... fingerprints are on the gun was the person ......
killed Dr. Martin.
b) My bike, .....I have left at the gate, has disappeared.
c) The shoes .... I finally bought were the ones .... I tried on first.
d) The bag in .... the robbers put the money was found outside the
bank.
e) The medicine ..... the doctor gave me had no effect at all.
f) Peter, ..... couldnt see the screen, decided to change his seat.
g) The present .... you gave me was the one .... I gave you last year!.
h) I really liked the tea ..... you made me this morning.
i) What was the name of your friend .... tent we borrowed?.
j) He is the person .... I wrote to.