MOON

PHASES
ECLIPSE
T
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SEASONS


MOON
PHASES

ECLIPSE


TIDES

SEASONS




MOON PHASES
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The moon REVOLVES around Earth, and
ROTATES on its own axis
The moon does not make any light of its
own. The lighted parts that we see are
called phases.
The moon reflects light from the sun.
The positions of the moon, Earth, and the
sun cause the phases of the moon, eclipses,
and tides.
The moon revolves around Earth about
once every 29.5 days. It also rotates on its
own axis about once every 29.5 days. The
same side of the moon always faces Earth



MOON PHASES
The SAME side of the moon always faces
Earth
Phases different shapes of the moon you
see from Earth
each revolution around Earth has a SET of
phases (29.5 days from full moon to full
moon)
Phases are caused by changes in positions of
the moon, Earth and sun
The phases we see depend on how much of
the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth
MOON PHASES
Although this cycle is a continuous process,
there are eight distinct, traditionally recognized
stages, called phases.
These phases of the Moon, in the sequence of
their occurrence (starting from New Moon), are
listed below
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MOON PHASES
The lighted side of the Moon faces
away from the Earth.
This means that the Sun, Earth,
and Moon are almost in a straight
line, with the Moon in between
the Sun and the Earth.
The Moon that we see looks very
dark
NEW MOON
MOON PHASES
"Waxing" means increasing, or
growing larger
This Moon can be seen after the
New Moon, but before the First
Quarter Moon.
The crescent will grow larger and
larger every day, until the Moon
looks like the First Quarter Moon.


Waxing
crescent
MOON PHASES
A week after the new moon the right
half of the Moon appears lighted and
the left side of the Moon appears
dark. During the time between the
New Moon and the First Quarter
Moon, the part of the Moon that
appears lighted gets larger and larger
every day, and will continue to grow
until the Full Moon
First quarter
MOON PHASES
Waxing gibbous
During the next week, we keep
seeing more and more of the
illuminated part of the Moon, and it
is now called waxing gibbous
(gibbous means "humped").

MOON PHASES
Full Moon
Two weeks after the new moon
the lighted side of the Moon faces
the Earth. This means that the
Earth, Sun, and Moon are nearly in
a straight line, with the Earth in the
middle. The Moon that we see is
very bright from the sunlight
reflecting off it.


MOON PHASES
Waning Gibbous
This Moon can be seen after the
Full Moon, but before the Last
Quarter Moon. The amount of the
Moon that we can see will grow
smaller and smaller every day.
("Waning" means decreasing, or
growing smaller.)
MOON PHASES
Last Quarter
Three weeks after new the left
half of the Moon appears
lighted, and the right side of the
Moon appears dark. The Last
Quarter Moon, the part of the
Moon that appears lighted gets
smaller and smaller every day.
Last Quarter
MOON PHASES
Last Quarter
Finally, during the fourth
week, the Moon is
reduced to a thin sliver
from us, sometimes called
waning crescent.
Waning Crescent





ECLIPSE
KLJmedia
What is an eclipse?
An eclipse occurs when one
object gets in between you and
another object and blocks your
view. From Earth, we routinely
experience two kinds of eclipses:
an eclipse of the Moon and an
eclipse of the Sun.
The Sun and Moon occasionally
line up so that we have an
eclipse. These eclipses happen
every year
To see a solar eclipse, you need
to be on a particular part of the
Earth

The Moon's shadow actually has two parts:
1. Penumbra
The Moon's faint outer shadow.
Partial solar eclipses are visible from within the
penumbral shadow.
2. Umbra
The Moon's dark inner shadow.
Total solar eclipses are visible from within the
umbral shadow
Eclipses
If the umbra passes over you, the entire central portion
of the sun will be blocked out. You will see a total solar
eclipse, and the sky will darken as if it were night time.
During a total solar eclipse, you can see the sun's outer
atmosphere, called the corona.
In fact, this is the only time that you can see the corona,
which is why astronomers get so excited when a total
eclipse is about to occur.
If the penumbra passes over you, only part of the sun's
surface will be blocked out. You will see a partial solar
eclipse, and the sky may dim slightly depending on how
much of the sun's disc is covered.
Eclipses
Solar Eclipses
A solar eclipse happens when the moon blocks our view of the sun.
This happens when the Moon is exactly between the Sun and the
Earth.
An eclipse of the Sun (or solar eclipse) can only occur at New Moon
when the Moon passes between Earth and Sun.
Since New Moon occurs every 29 1/2 days, you might think that we
should have a solar eclipse about once a month.
Because the moon orbits the Earth at an angle, approximately 5
degrees relative to the Earth-sun plane, the moon crosses the Earth's
orbital plane only twice a year.
These times are called eclipse seasons, because they are the only
times when eclipses can occur.
For an eclipse to take place, the moon must be in the correct
phase during an eclipse season; for a solar eclipse, it must be a new
moon. This condition makes solar eclipses relatively rare.
1. Partial Solar Eclipse
During this eclipse, the Sun and the Moon do not
come in the same straight line. This happens
because of the tilt of the Moon's orbit to the
Earth's elliptic. In this eclipse, the Moon partly
covers the Sun, so it is visible from a large portion
of the Earth. In this type of eclipse the umbra of
the Moon completely misses the Earth, so no
region on Earth will experience a total solar
eclipse. Only part of the penumbra covers a few
regions of the Earth.

Types of Solar Eclipses


Types of Solar Eclipses


When the Moon's
penumbral shadow
strikes Earth, we see a
partial eclipse of the
Sun from that region.
Partial eclipses are
dangerous to look at
because the un-
eclipsed part of the
Sun is still very bright.
You must use special
filters or a home-
made pinhole
projector to safely
watch a partial
eclipse of the Sun
1. Partial Solar
Eclipse
Types of Solar Eclipses
2. Total Solar Eclipse
In case of a total solar eclipse, the Moon looks as big
as the Sun, thus covering it completely. This happens
when the Earth and the Moon are closest to each
other, since then the Moon appears big enough to
completely cover the Sun!
Total solar eclipses are only visible from a very small
area on Earth, a narrow track that moves across the
Earth's surface (as the Earth rotates).
In any one place, totality (when the solar disc is
entirely covered) lasts no more than 8 minutes.
During totality, the sky is dark enough to see stars in
the sky.
Types of Solar Eclipses
This animation
shows that the
moon creates a
small shadow
which only allows
certain areas of
the earth to see a
total solar eclipse.
2. Total Solar
Eclipse
Types of Solar Eclipses
3. Annular Solar Eclipse
This eclipse is caused when the Sun and the Moon
are positioned in one straight line, but the Moon
doesn't completely cover the Sun.
During this eclipse, the Moon appears much smaller
in size as compared to the Sun.
As a result, a bright ring is visible in the sky. This
happens when the Earth is farthest away from the
Moon, which is why it appears small, and cannot
hide the Sun completely.
An annular eclipse occurs more frequently than a
total eclipse,
Types of Solar Eclipses
An annular(annular
comes from the
Latin annulus or
ring) eclipse occurs
when the Suns
center is covered
by the moon ,
leaving its edges left
uncovered,
producing a ring (or
annulus) of the Sun
around its edges.
3. Annular Solar
Eclipse
A lunar eclipse is an event in astronomy that
occurs when the Earth lies between the Sun
and Moon, thus blocking the solar radiation
and casting a shadow of the Earth into the
Moon's surface. It is also known as an eclipse of
the Moon. Lunar eclipse is caused when the
Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned in a straight
line. This is the reason as to why lunar eclipse
always falls on a full moon night, when the Sun
and Moon are exactly opposite to each other.
When the Earths shadow covers the Moon, we have a lunar eclipse
1. Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
occurs when the Moon is positioned in the Earth's
penumbra.
hard to detect by an unaided eye; and is usually
viewed with the help of telescope.
A total penumbral lunar eclipse is a type when the
Moon falls entirely within the penumbral shadow.
It occurs rarely and the brightness of the Moon's
surface differs from one portion to another; the area of
the moon close to umbra is comparatively darker than
the remaining portion.
Types of Lunar Eclipses
2. Partial Lunar Eclipse
occurs when a portion of the Moon passes the
Earth's umbra.
A partial lunar eclipse is easily detectable by our
naked eye.
However, based on the portion of the Moon that
passes through the umbra, at times it may be
undetectable.
In the final stages of a partial lunar eclipse, the
shadowed portion of the Moon turns reddish.
Types of Lunar Eclipses
Total Lunar Eclipse
occurs when the Moon lies completely in the Earth's
umbra.
During the event of total lunar eclipse, the Moon
appears vibrant red in color.
As per astronomical calculation in relation to the
Moon's speed, total lunar eclipse may last for about
107 minutes.
Total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon lies entirely
within the umbral shadow; it usually lasts for about an
hour..
Types of Lunar Eclipses
It is to be noted that unlike
solar eclipse, lunar eclipse is
safe to view with our naked
eyes.
On the night of the lunar
eclipse, the moon appears
extraordinarily bright before
and after the eclipse.
It is due to the direct reflection
of sunlight by the Moon's
surface. On an average, there
are two events of lunar eclipses
per year.
This is an animation showing
a total lunar eclipse from start
To finish.





TIDES
FHH
Tides
Tides are daily changes
in the level of ocean
water.


They are the periodic
rise and fall of the water
level in the oceans and
other large bodies of
water.
What are they?
Tides

the sun and
the moon

What causes tides?
What moves
ocean water?
Wind
Earthquakes
Plate tectonics
The dominant
force that moves
ocean water is
the gravitational
forces from both
Tides
What causes tides?
How often tides occur and the difference in
tidal levels depend on the position of the
moon as it revolves around the Earth.

The moons pull is strongest on the part of the
Earth directly facing the moon.
Tides
What are they?
As the moon travels
around the earth and as
they, together, travel
around the sun, the
combined gravitational
forces cause the world's
oceans to rise and fall.
Since the earth is
rotating while this is
happening, two tides
occur each day.
Tides

Each day, there are
two high tides and two
low tides.

The ocean is
constantly moving
from high tide to low
tide, and then back to
high tide. There is
about 12 hours and 25
minutes between the
two high tides.
Tides
1. Spring Tides
spring tides occur every
two weeks

They occur when the Earth,
the Sun, and the Moon are in
a line.
The gravitational forces of
the Moon and the Sun both
contribute to the tides.
Spring tides occur during the
full moon and the new moon.
At these times, the high tides
are very high and the low
tides are very low.
Spring Tide: full moon and
new moon (14.77 days)




Tides
2. Neap Tides
Neap tides occur during
quarter moons.
During the moon's quarter
phases the sun and moon
work at right angles,
causing the bulges to
cancel each other.
The result is a smaller
difference between high
and low tides and is known
as a neap tide. Neap tides
are especially weak tides.
Neap Tide: 1st quarter and
3rd quarter (14.77 days)