Hydro power plants

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Hydro power plants
Tail water
Draft tube gate
Draft tube
Turbine
Main valve
Penstock
Air inlet
Inlet gate
Surge shaft
Tunnel
Sand trap
Trash rack
Self closing valve
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The principle the water conduits of
a traditional high head power plant
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Intake gate
Intake trashrack
Headrace tunnel
Anchor block
Surge tank
Penstock inlet
Valve
Tunnel Inlet
trashrack
Tunnel Inlet
Anchor block
Exp. joint
Shaddle
Power house
Tailrace
IV
G
SC
DT
R
DT end gate
Desilting basin
gate hoist
IV -inlet valve
R -turbine runner
SC -spiral case
G -generator
Typical Power House with Francis Turbine
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Water intake
Dam
Coarse trash rack
Intake gate
Sediment settling basement
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Dams
Rockfill dams
Pilar og platedammer
Hvelvdammer
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Rock-fill dams
1. Core Moraine, crushed soft rock, concrete, asphalt
2. Filter zone Sandy gravel
3. Transition zone Fine blasted rock
4. Supporting shell Blasted rock
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Slab concrete dam
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Arc dam
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Gates in Hydro Power Plants
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Types of Gates

Radial Gates
Wheel Gates
Slide Gates
Flap Gates
Rubber Gates
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Radial Gates at lvkarleby, Sweden
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Radial Gate
The forces acting
on the arc will be
transferred to the
bearing
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Slide Gate
Jhimruk Power Plant, Nepal
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Flap Gate
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Rubber gate
Reinforced rubber
Open position
Flow disturbance
Reinforced rubber
Closed position Bracket
Air inlet
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Circular gate
Manhole
Hinge
Ladder
Ribs
Pipe
End cover
Bolt
Fastening element
Frame Seal
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Circular gate
Jhimruk Power Plant, Nepal
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Trash Racks
Panauti Power Plant, Nepal
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Theun Hinboun Power Plant
Laos
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Gravfoss
Power Plant
Norway

Trash Rack size:
Width: 12 meter
Height: 13 meter

Stainless Steel

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CompRack
Trash Rack delivered
by VA-Tech
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Cleaning the trash rack
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GUP-Pipe
Raubergfossen Power Plant, Norway
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Wood Pipes
Breivikbotn Power Plant, Norway vre Porsa Power Plant, Norway
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Valves
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Principle drawings of valves
Open position
Closed position
Spherical valve Gate valve
Hollow-jet valve Butterfly valve
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Spherical valve
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Bypass system
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Butterfly valve
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Butterfly
valve
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Butterfly valve
disk types
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Hollow-jet Valve
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Pelton turbines
Large heads (from
100 meter to 1800
meter)
Relatively small flow
rate
Maximum of 6
nozzles
Good efficiency over
a vide range
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Kvrner
Jostedal, Norway
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Francis turbines
Heads between 15
and 700 meter
Medium Flow Rates
Good efficiency
=0.96 for modern
machines

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SVARTISEN
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Kaplan turbines
Low head (from 70
meter and down to 5
meter)
Large flow rates
The runner vanes can
be governed
Good efficiency over
a vide range
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Francis Turbine Cross-Section
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2
nd
edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
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Small Francis Turbine &
Generator
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
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Francis Turbine Grand Coulee
Dam
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
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Fixed-Pitch Propeller Turbine
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
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Kaplan Turbine Schematic
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
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Kaplan Turbine Cross Section
"Water Turbine," Wikipedia.com
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Suspended Power, Sheeler,
1939
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Vertical Kaplan Turbine Setup
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2
nd
edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
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Horizontal Kaplan Turbine
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2
nd
edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
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Pelton Wheel Turbine
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2
nd
edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
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Turgo Turbine
Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2
nd
edition, Oxford University Press, 2003
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Francis Turbine Grand Coulee
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Francis and Turgo Turbine
Wheels
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