Hypnotherapy

Dr Mark Feldman
What Is Hypnosis ?
Altered state not sleep
Highway hypnosis
Books and TV
Exercise
Day dreaming
Hynpnogogic and hypnopompic state
The Trance State
Light hypnosis 90%+
Eye closure
Fluttering lids
Stillness
Breathing slows diaphragmatic
Features flatten
Swallowing
Smiling
Bradycardia

The Trance State
Medium hypnosis 70%+
Head drops
Eyelid catalepsy
Flushing or pallor
Responds to suggestions
Feeling of lethargy, heaviness
Some analgesia dentistry , dressings
IMR
May feel as though in trance
The Trance State
Deep hypnosis 20% somnambulism 5%
Amnesia
Anaesthesia
Direct logic can you tell me your name
Out of body dissociation
+ve /-ve hallucinations
Trance with eyes open
Hypnotic Phenomenon
Motor
IMR
Catalepsy
Automatic writing
Swallowing
REM
Hypnotic Phenomenon
Sensory
Analgesia
Anaesthesia
Positive and negative hallucination
Memory
Amnesia
Hypermnesia
Time
Distortion compress elongate
Regress
Revivify
Age progression
Post hypnotic suggestion
Eliminate
Install
Ego Strengthening
Hypnotic Phenomenon
Hypnotic Phenomenon
Miscellaneous
Autonomic control
Blood, sweat, tears
Dissociation
Uses of Hypnotherapy
Behavioural problems
Smoking
Weight loss
Eating disorders bulimia, anorexia
Enuresis
Uses of Hypnotherapy
Psychological problems
Anxiety
Panic
Phobias
Insomnia
Premature ejaculation
Vaginismus

Uses of Hypnotherapy
Psychosomatic disorders
Migraine
Hyperventilation
Stammering
Irritable bowel/bladder
Eczema
Uses of Hypnotherapy
Pain control
Chronic
Acute
Terminal care
Obstetric
Dental
Uses of Hypnotherapy
Other
Sports motivational
Criminal investigation
Recovery of lost objects - memories
History of Hypnotherapy
3000BC ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks Indian Sanskrits
Hindu fakirs Celtic druids
African witch doctors
Jesuss miracles?
History of Hypnotherapy
1500 Paracelsus
Swiss doctor discovered mercury as cure
for syphilis
Passed magnets over patient to effect cure
1600 Valentine Greatrakes
The great Irish Stroker again stroked
magnets to cure
History of Hypnotherapy
1725 Maximilian Hehl
Jesuit priest using magnets to heal
Mesmer was his student

History of Hypnotherapy
(1734-1815 )Franz
Anton Mesmer
Father of hypnosis

Found could stop
bleeding with a stick
and therefore
postulated animal
magnetism
History of Hypnotherapy
Franz Anton Mesmer(contd)
De Planatorium influxu magnetic fields pervade
nature
Cured patient of paralysis and temporary
blindness
Cured Maria Theresa Paradies protg of
empress of blindness. Angering parents
Moved from Vienna to Paris
Mozart was a fan

History of Hypnotherapy
Franz Anton
Mesmer(cont)
Developed the baquet
Asked Louis XVI for a
board of enquiry in 1784
Benjamin Franklin,
Guillotine, Lavoisier
Found all due to the
imagination !

History of Hypnotherapy
1727-1779 Father
Gassner
Contempory of Mesmer
Suggestion as faith
healing
1787 Marquis de
Puysegur
Student of Mesmer
Magnetised elm trees
Somnambulism
History of Hypnotherapy
1815 Abbe Jose Castodi de Faria
Fixed gaze method first to coin word
sleep
History of Hypnotherapy
1791 John Elliotson
Professor at
University London
Became interested
via a student of Faria
1837 Surgery under
hypnosis angered
other doctors as pain
needed for healing
Expelled from
university hospital


History of Hypnotherapy
1795 1860 James
Braid
Scottish surgeon coined
term hypnosis
Developed suggestions
method
Saw Mesmer and was
eventually convinced
Changed term to
monoidiesm
Nervous sleep acting on
subject whose
suggestibility is
increased
History of Hypnotherapy
1808-1859 James
Esdaile
Scottish doctor
Reports in 1846 300
major operations
Reduced post op
mortality from 505%
History of Hypnotherapy
1864 Nancy school of Hypnosis
Liebeault de la suggestion
Bernheim
Freud studied here
Initially enthusiastic eventually discounted
hypnosis
History of Hypnotherapy
1878 Charcot
school of Saltpierre
Pathological theory
Stages of hypnosis
Lethargy
Catalepsy
Somnambulism
History of Hypnotherapy
Dave Elman 1950s
Stage Hypnotist
Studied Hypnosis for
years
Taught doctors
exclusively
Quick inductions
Deepening techniques
History of Hypnotherapy
1929-1980 Milton Erickson
Indirect approach
Metaphor
Utilization
Theories of Trance
Suggestion Theory
Bernheim 1886 suggestions bypass concious
mind
Modified Sleep
Abbe Faria a type of sleep BUT thought would
always amnesia
Pathological Theory
Charcot BUT 90% hypnotisable NOT equivalent
to hysteria
Theories of Trance
Dissociation
Janet splitting of consciousness into two BUT not
always amnesia can remove amnesia by
suggestion
Neo Dissociation
Some cognition continuous throughout
Psychoanlanalytic
Freud libidinal gratification
Ferenczi parent/child BUT mirrors metronomes
may hypnotise
Theories of Trance
Conditioned response
Pavlov to word sleep BUT not sleep,
metronomes, quick awakening
Role Playing
R White goal directed striving
Atavistic Regression
Ainslie Meares to a primitive level primitive man
accepted ideas by suggestion
Theories of Trance
Neurophysiological
Barry Wyke voice blocks other sensory
input [like gate theory]
Hemispheric Specificity
L verbal/voluntary/language speech
R nonverbal/emotional/submissive/art
music/imagination
Meszaros induction L brain R brain

Suggestibility Tests
Magnetic fingers
Handclasp
Heavy and light hands
Postural sway
Chevreuls pendulum
The Hypnotic Session
Introduction
Induction
Deepening
Posthypnotic suggestion
Awakening
The Hypnotic Session
Introduction
Explanation of hypnosis
Remove fears
Control issues
Amnesia
Reassurance
Not trying
The Hypnotic Session
Induction
Permissive
Progressive relaxation
Hand fixation
Eye closure
Candle flame
Thumbnail

The Hypnotic Session
Induction
Intermediate
Vogts fractionation
Hand levitation
Authoritative
Eye to eye
Mind body dissociation

The Hypnotic Session
Induction
Other
Tactile
Rhythmic eye movement
Hand rotation
Post hypnotic
The Hypnotic Session
Deepening
Balcony
Early learning set
Now
Countdown
Limb catalepsy
Hand levitation
Minds eye
Hand rotation
The Hypnotic Session
Suggestions
Establish rapport
Create expectancy
Will not maybe never try
Law of concentrated attention
Repetition of something result
Law of reversed effect
Try and bend your arm
Law of dominant effect
Strong emotions replace weaker
The Hypnotic Session
Suggestions
Positive unconscious ignores negatives
Positive reinforcement
Yes set
Specific
Multiple senses
Implied less directive
Unambiguous

The Hypnotic Session
Suggestions
Utilization
Of patients world interests , preferences,
preferred modality visual,kinaesthetic
Current experience feel the chair



The Hypnotic Session
Types of suggestion
Implication
When your hand begins to lift NOT if
Trance now or later
Truism
Everybody knows how to
Not knowing and not doing
You dont have to try to hard
The Hypnotic Session
Types of suggestion
Covering all response failsafes
Your hand will be lighter or heavier
Questions
Can you, do you, does, will it
See , sense, feel
Contingent suggestions
As your hand lowers so you find yourself back
in time

The Hypnotic Session
Types of suggestion
Implied directive
Time binding introduction
Implied suggestion for internal response
Behavioural response showing completed
As soon as your mind has identified when the
problem developed your hand will float up

The Hypnotic Session
Types of suggestion
Apposition of opposites
As your arm becomes more rigid your body
becomes more relaxed
Wet/dry tense/heavy difficult/easy
Interspersal of metaphors
Own experience
Truisms
Tailored

The Hypnotic Session
Types of suggestion
Symbolism and imagery
Imagine what the pain looks like
Negatives - to discharge resistance
You can - can you not
You will - will you not
Double bind
If you are ready to go into trance your R hand
will lift otherwise your L hand will lift
The Hypnotic Session
Techniques to facilitate trance
Focus attention
Enhance awareness of immediate experience
Note and accept new aspects of the experience
Introducing immediate goal
Repetition reinforcing partial response
Encourage dissociations and involuntary response
Build anticipation expectation

The Hypnotic Session
Belief +Imagination + Conviction + Expectation

= Hypnosis [ Hunter]

Critical faculty is bypassed and selective thinking
established[Elman]