Washing Machine Controller

User Interface
Washing and drying tubs
Detergent



Mini Type
Convenient Operation
Many Colors Are Available
Model XPB05-15
Washing/Spin Capacity 6.2 kg/5.2 kg
Rate Power Washing 360W
Spin 180W
Net Weight 3.5 Kg
Gross Weight 4.8 Kg
Exterior size ( LxWxH ) 348x348x378 mm
Fully Automatic
Course Selection:
Fuzzy Light/Blanket/Heavy/Wool/Economic

Function: Wash/Rinse/Spin.Various Auto Programs

Auto Power Off
Detergent Box
Model XQB52-88
Washing/Spin Capacity 5.2 kg/5.2 kg
Rate Power Washing 340W
Spin 340W
Net Weight 31 Kg
Gross Weight 36 Kg
Exterior size ( LxWxH ) 575x595x1020 mm









Cleaning Clothes
Operating a washing machine is pretty simple:
There are a few things to decide before you start your load of
clothes, such as how big the load is (small, medium, large, extra
large), what temperature the water will be for the wash and
rinse cycles (cold/cold, warm/cold, warm/warm, hot/cold), how
the machine should agitate (delicate, knit, permanent press,
heavy), and how long the cycles should last (number of
minutes, based on how soiled your clothes are).
After you fill the tub with clothes, the machine fills the tub
with water, and then stirs the clothes around using an agitator.
After some time agitating, the washer drains the water and
then spins the clothes to remove most of the water. Then, it
refills, and agitates the clothes some more to rinse out the soap.
Then it drains and spins again.


Key Specifications/Special Features:

Controlling sine wave DC brushless motor with DSP chip
and loop control of strict sine vibration location
Totally solving the problem of washer winding
Completely intellectualized, set up automatically washing
time, water flow, water level, dehydration and rotating-speed,
etc.
Realizing non-polarized speed adjustment
Weighing precisely, "self-study" function
Energy-saving and consumption-reducing, automatically
allocating the parameters of washing time and power, etc.


Fuzzy control, adopting parameter automatic
adjustment, intelligent integral, reasoning dynamically
modification
Controlling fabric texture, quantity and water level
Adopting DSP to fulfill all kinds of controller solutions
and multifunctional driving conveniently
Adopting new type sensor



Voice hint and voice identification with imported chip, saving
multiple voice messages, preparation control and storage
information
LCD backlight display mode
PC long-distance monitoring function
Musical buzz function

Over the years, the concept of adaptive control has continued to
expand and can now be found in almost every industry. The
automotive sector, for example, has quite a few adaptive concepts.
Probably the best known automotive adaptive system is antiskid
braking.
Currently, intelligent design typically involves motion systems that
have control or computing capabilities, sensors, and feedback loops.
However, just a single component could be intelligent. For example, it
is possible for a motor to measure its own speed, or for a bearing to
sense the force being applied to it.
Intelligent design has also contributed to the move towards
distributed motion-control systems. The trend here is to place
intelligence further away from the central controller, and closer to
what is being controlled.

All this is made possible by ever-shrinking microprocessors and
increasing processing speed. Microprocessors and digital signal
processors have more functions built into the chip, requiring fewer
supporting chips, thereby taking up less board space. This makes it
possible to buy motors with built-in controllers and drives.
But intelligent design has progressed beyond the realm of motion
control. Intelligent design, and its close cousin embedded systems
(placing microprocessors and sensors in places you wouldn't
imagine), are making their presence known in the world of consumer
goods. For example, designers are embedding computers in
refrigerators and washing machines, and putting piezoelectric
materials in skis.

In the near future, your washing machine will request
service for itself without your knowledge. Some day soon,
a repairperson may show up at your door and say that
your washing machine e-mailed a request for a new
bearing. This is coming down the pike: more computing
power, "smarter" devices, and a future that looks
increasingly like the Jetson household.


Philips 51LPC
Microcontrollers and Triacs in
White Good Applications


A washing-machine example
Customers Benefit
+Low sensitive Triacs simple driving circuit
+P87LPC764 microcontroller very few external components
+Trigger on current-zero-crossing low supply current
+Very simple Power-supply
=Low cost
The Demo
The power-supply
The Triacs
The micro
The User Interface
Contents
A user-interface


A cheap and powerful
microcontroller


A power-interface (Triacs)


Power devices (Valves, Pumps, Motors)
Indicators
Buttons and Switches
Philips Semiconductors
UART
Multi-Function
low-power Osc.
System Supervisory
pwr-on-reset, w /dog, brownout detect
Accelerated 80C51 CPU Core
4KBytes OTP
Internal 6MHz
RC Oscillator
128 Bytes RAM
I
2
C
Timer 0/1
(16-bit)
Keyboard
Interrupt
Ports
0, 1, 2

Analog
Comparators
Low System-Cost Feature-Set
- 8-bit System-on-Silicon
- Low -Power 2x speed C51+ core
- Reduced system-cost innovations
- Many high-volume applications:
Lamp Ballasts, Motor Contr., HVAC,
Smoke Detectors, White-Goods etc.
On-Chip Memory & Peripherals
- Up to 4KB OTP Program Code
for Micropower applications
- 128 Bytes RAM for Data
- On-chip System Supervisor circuits
- Multi-function LP Osc. (0-20MHz)
- 6MHz Internal Osc. & Reset

LPC76x Family -
Features/Applications
door lock control
mirror control
window lift control
air quality sensor
security systems
temp. sensors
car communication
CD, Tape-modules
climate control / HVAC
motor control
LCD backlight control
alarm systems
head / back lighting
compass
LIN slave
87LPC760
87LPC761
2K OTP
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
1K OTP
Low Cost 14 Pin
87LPC764
87LPC767
2K OTP
4K OTP
ADC/DAC DAC
4K OTP
ADC PWM
Low Cost Digital Applications +
I
2
C EEPROMs and Peripherals
Motor Control, TRIAC & Bridge Drivers
Low-Cost Voice, Audio & Analog Outputs
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
4K OTP
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
4K OTP
ADC
Analog Sensor Measurements
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
87LPC768
87LPC769
87LPC762
16 Pin Packages
UART, I
2
C,
BOD
Functional blocks of a washing-machine
example
U
s
e
r

i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e

reverse
Tumble motor
Water inlet pump
Drain valve
The User-Interface
Should be simple and cheap.
LED's as indicators.
Buttons and switches for the user input and machine-control
E.g.:
4 LEDs to indicate program-selection for four different programs.
3 LEDs to indicate state of the washing-machine. (ready, washing, idle)
2 Buttons. (Program-select, Start/Pause)
2 Switches for machine-control. (Lid is open, water maximum reached)
The User-Interface
Column Select
4
Row1
Row2
Row3
P
8
7
L
P
C
7
6
x

M
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r

Program
1
Program
2
Program
3
Program
4
ready
washing idle
Program
select
Start/
Pause
Lid open
Water
level
max
The matrix-structure allows eleven elements on seven pins
Update Time
To avoid a flickering of the Leds, these should be updated at least
with 80Hz. This leads to an update-time of 12,5ms. In this time all
seven states have to be cycled trough. The panel-update routine
must therefore be accessed every ~1,8ms.
Timer-
ISR
Panel-
routine
Every 1,8ms
The Microcontroller circuitry
The power supply.
The reset circuit.
The brown-out detection.
The oscillator.
The voltage zero crossing detection.
The current zero crossing detection.
P
8
7
L
P
C
7
6
x

Cheap for Low
Power
2 diodes and dropper
RC
2 diodes and dropper
R
(low current)
Can drive up to
80mA Gatepulses

The P87LPC76x power supply from mains
The P87LPC76x reset circuit
None, its on chip
The P87LPC76x brown-out detection
None, its on chip
Configurable for 2,5V or 3,8V.
The P87LPC76x oscillator
None, 6Mhz RC-oscillator on chip.
Configurable for:
Internal RC
External low frequency oscillator (20kHz-100kHz)
External medium frequency oscillator (100kHz-4Mhz)
External high frequency oscillator (4Mhz-20Mhz)
External Clock attached to X1


Switching the triacs
The Turn-on of triac is done at voltage-zero-crossing of the mains
voltage.
To avoid current-jumps, the retriggering is done at current-zero-crossing
detection.
+5V
Neut ral
Line
0V
R1
1M
D1
D2
LPC
Any LPC Input except IC-
pins
Internal Clamping Diodes
Falling Edge Interrupt
Schmitt Trigger
Single Current Limiting
Resistor
Voltage Zero Crossing Detection
Senses Current
Zero
Crossing
Window
Comparator

Gate Voltage Supervision Circuit
+5 V
Line
0V
LPC
R1
22 k
R3
22 k
0V 0V
Neutral
T1
BTA216 -60 0D
RLoad
R2
1k
R4
10 0k
R5
10 0k
Rg ate
OUT
Compares Gate Voltage
Supervision of Latch Status
Detects false Commutation


















Self
Retriggering
Detects false
Commutation
Adjustable to
Load

Gate Voltage Supervision Circuit
Gate Voltage / 2
Voltage Window
Output Port
The washing-program software
Located in non volatile memory, e.g. code
space, EEProm or IC-EEPROM etc.
Sequence of basic instructions like rotate
forward, open drain valve, water in etc.
Wait functionality is implemented with a timer.

Structure of the commands
Basic intructions
//Commands
#define cWaterIn 1
#define cWaterStop 2
#define cOpenDrain 3
#define cCloseDrain 4
#define cFwd 5
#define cRev 6
#define cStop 7
#define cEnd 8
#define cBeep 9
#define cWaitLevel 10
#define cSpin 11
Lets water in
Stop the water-inlet
Open the drain-valve
Close the drain-valve
Rotate forward
Rotate reverse
Stop rotating
End of program
Do a beep with a sounder
Wait until the water-level switch opens
Spin
Washing program example
description
The Demo
The power-supply
The Triacs
VZC
detect CZC
detect
The User Interface
Philips Semiconductors
LPC900 Family
Low-Power 3V Flash MCU
0.35Flash Process
8KB 3V Low-Power IAP/ISP
Flash
512B EEPROM
768B SRAM
6x Accelerated 80C51 core
Improved speed, power & EMC
Innovative peripherals
Enh. UART + Baudrate Generator
3Mb/s SPI & 400 Kb/s I
2
C serial
I/O
16-bit Capture/Compare/PWM
Unit
Packages:
TSSOP/PLCC/HVQFN28
Low Cost Development
Starter kits (around $50)
In-Circuit Debugger/Compiler
All-in-one Package (under $200)
Full Trace Emulation (under
$500)
Timer
0/1
16-bit
SPI
Power Management, RTC, WDT,
power-on-reset, brownout detect
600% Accelerated C51 Core
Internal 2.5%
7.3728 MHz
RC Oscillator
Keypad/
Pattern Match
Interrupt
Ports
0,1,2,3





Analog
Comparators
16-bit PWM
Capture/
Compare
3
2
x

P
L
L

768B
SRAM
8K ISP/
IAP
Flash
512B
Data
EEPROM
Enh.
UART
I
2
C
Easy solution to control loads at mains supply with
Philips LPC and Triacs
Very cheap and simple power-supply due to low supply
current
Offers a universal "one-for-all" control method for any
load with load supervision
New method for detecting zero-crossing of load
Current without shunt resistor in the load circuit
Phase Control and Switching
Triac Driving
Zero-Crossing Detection
Triac Supervision
Synchronization to Mains
Emulation @ Mains SUPPLY
Power Supply
Phase Control Example
Continuous Conduction Example
Application-
Note AN467:

www.semiconductors.com/mcu
Thanks for your interest
Washing machine demonstration
The demo board
Summary of technical features
A fully functioning controller for a top-loading
washing machine that uses a reversible
induction motor
Integrates Philips microcontroller and triacs
Low total component count
Circuit optimised for reliability and low cost
Most triacs driven directly from
microcontroller (driver IC not required)
Gate triggering uses voltage zero cross
detection for minimum EMI
Resistor-less current zero cross detection
uses triac gate voltage monitoring
intelligent triggering of motor triacs minimises
power supply current and allows the use of the
best Hi-Com triacs (highest I
GT
)
simple, low-current 5V logic supply uses R-C
dropper
User interface includes LEDs, push buttons
and audible sounder
Software provided and includes a full suite of
wash programmes
Board is complete and ready to connect to
your washing machine
User interface
Push buttons:
PROGRAMME - steps through the five
programmes in turn
STEP - selects which sections of the programme
to run
START/PAUSE - starts and pauses the
programme
Light Emitting Diodes:
Wash programmes: SOAK, STANDARD,
GENTLE, STRONG, FAST
Programme sections: WASH, RINSE, DRAIN
Audible sounder:
makes a short sound for every valid button push
signals the end of the programme by five long
sounds
Making it work
Mains power supply is 180 - 260V, 50 - 60Hz.
Use in
stand-alone mode or
connected to a top-loading washing machine
Stand-alone mode (1)
Manual water level switch
replaces the machines water level switch
function.
Contacts closed when full, contacts open when
empty.
Set to empty before starting the programme to
allow fill sequence to commence.
Set to full to allow programme to progress.
Set to empty during drain sequence to allow
programme to progress.
Stand-alone mode (2)
Spin disable
a machine safety feature that is activated if the
load is severely unbalanced or if the lid is lifted.
It shuts everything down and halts the
programme for a set timeout period after the
fault has cleared.
It is bypassed by connecting a wire link across
the spin cut-out terminals.
Spin cut-out terminals must be closed for the
programme to progress through a spin
sequence.
NOTE: 100W loads minimum must be
connected to motor forward and motor
reverse outputs. If a suitable motor is not
available, 100W - 150W lamps are
suggested.
Stand-alone mode (3)
What happens if the motor load is too small?
The microcontroller applies gate pulses only
when the load current is close to zero and the
triac is about to commutate (turn off).
If the load current is very small, it will spend
more time close to zero.
The microcontroller must apply more gate pulses
to maintain continuous conduction.
More gate pulses mean more current demand
from the 5V logic supply.
Our demo board has a simple R-C power supply
of limited current capability.
A load substantially lower than 100W requires
more gate pulses than the power supply can
sustain.
The 5V logic supply drops below the
microcontrollers brownout detection threshold,
causing it to reset.
Connected to a washing machine
Connect the five outputs: water inlet valve,
motor forward, motor reverse, power
switch trip and drain valve.
Drain valve output also releases the spin brake.
Connect water level switch (contacts open
when empty).
Manual water level switch must be set to empty
to open its contacts and allow the demo board to
see the machines water level switch.
Connect spin cut-out switch (contacts
normally closed to enable spin).
At end of programme, the power switch trip
output is activated to switch off the power
switch.
Wash programmes
1. STANDARD
Default programme on power-up
Used for most everyday washing
Available options:
WASH + RINSE + DRAIN
WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN
Wash programmes
2. GENTLE
The most gentle programme with minimum
agitation for delicate fabrics including
woollens
Available options:
WASH + RINSE + DRAIN
WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN
Wash programmes
3. STRONG
The longest programme - more vigorous
agitation, more rinses, more water and longer
spins for very dirty clothes
Available options:
WASH + RINSE + DRAIN
WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN
Wash programmes
4. FAST
The shortest programme - very quick, with
one rinse for lightly soiled clothes
Available options:
WASH + RINSE + DRAIN
WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN
Wash programmes
5. SOAK
Normal agitation with extended soaking
periods to loosen ingrained dirt
Available options:
WASH + RINSE + DRAIN
WASH only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
Demo board PCB
Demo board schematic
Power supply
Power outputs
Voltage zero cross detection
Current zero cross detection by
gate voltage monitoring
User interface
Intelligent triggering of motor triacs
- minimises power supply current and allows the use
of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest I
GT
)
Load current
Gate current
Load current
Gate current
Intelligent triggering of motor triacs
- minimises power supply current and allows the use
of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest I
GT
)
8A 1000V Hi-Com triac in SOT186A for
high AC mains voltages:

BTA208X-1000B
Unique to Philips!
Benefits of BTA208X-
1000B
High Commutation
less risk of triac damage through uncontrolled turn-on
less false triggering with difficult reactive loads
fewer protection components required (snubbers,
capacitors & inductors)
better control maintained at high temperature
High voltage blocking capability
higher voltage headroom
higher reliability in high voltage applications
less risk of false triggering through overvoltage
High I
GT

optimised at 50mA max for best possible commutation
performance
Isolated package
provides 2500V RMS isolation from the mounting base
BTA208X-1000B applications
(general)
Reversible induction motors where mains
voltage is boosted by autotransformer step-
up in the motor windings
High mains voltage supplies
Applications requiring extra voltage
headroom for improved immunity to false
triggering by overvoltage
BTA208X-1000B applications
(specific)
Top-loading washing machines
Tumble dryers
Industrial motor forward/reverse controls
doors
roller shutters
conveyors
Three-phase mains loads operating at 440V





http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/news/infocus/I
ntelligentControllers/
9. The rinse cycle is completed in the same manner repair. When troubleshooting a washer, you need to as the wash cycle, and after this cycle, the timer shuts down, completing the operation.
have the wiring diagram for that particular washer. Normally, it is pasted to the back panel. Try starting the machine and observing its operation. Run the machine TROUBLESHOOTING.Before
attempting through its cycles so you can trace the trouble to one any repair or replacement of any washing machine circuit or component. Figure 7-3 shows a typical wiring component, you
must locate the trouble. Eliminate any diagram of a washing machine. The information shown guesswork. Guesswork can result in time-consuming in table 7-1 should help you troubleshoot a
washing Table 7-1.Washing Machine Troublesbooting Chart TROUBLE PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY Motor
will not start. Blown fuse. Replace fuse. (No power at motor.) Broken
wiring. Repair wiring. Loose connections. Tighten connections.
Inoperative timer. Repair timer. Defective motor. Replace motor. Motor
will not turn. Jammed water pump due to foreign matter. Clean pump.
(Motor has power.) Transmission jammed. Repair transmission. Low
voltage. Correct voltage. Motor runs but agitator does Belt broken.
Replace belt. not. Loose pulleys. Tighten pulleys. Belt off pulleys. Replace
belt on pulleys. Faulty timer. Replace timer. Inoperative clutch. Adjust
clutch. Broken gear in transmission. Repair transmission. Loose
connection at time or clutch solenoid. Tighten connection. Washer washes
but does not Water in tub. Check operation of water pump. spin. Faulty
timer. Replace timer. Faulty clutch or transmission. Replace clutch or
transmission. Loose connection in spin circuit. Tighten connection. No
water enters tub. Clogged screen at water valve. Clean screen. Loose
connection in water valve solenoid circuit. Tighten connection. Defective
solenoid. Replace solenoid. Water valve stuck. Repair valve. Defective
timer. Replace timer. Water does not drain. Clogged drain valve screen.
Clean screen. Defective water pump. Replace water pump.
Drain hose plugged. Unplug hose. Defective timer. Replace timer.
Pump belt broken. Replace belt. Noisy operation. Loose pulleys. Tighten
pulleys. Cracked belt. Replace belt. Worn transmission. Replace
transmission. Worn pump. Replace pump. Loose cabinet parts. Tighten
parts. Agitator operates when basket Improper electrical connection at
timer. Correct condition. spins. Defective clutch. Repair clutch. Washer
stalls when running. Frozen bearing. Replace bearing. Transmission
jammed. Replace transmission. Off-balance load. Distribute clothes evenly
in tub. Improper adjustment of vibration switch. Adjust switch. Washer
leaks water. Poor door or lid gasket. Replace gasket. Pump seal defective.
Replace seal. Hose connection loose. Tighten connection.
Machineoverloaded. Remove part of load. Too much water in tub. Check
operation of water shutoff. Washer does not cycle. Faulty timer. Replace
timer. Inoperative solenoids. Replace solenoids. Faulty wiring. Repair
wiring. Loose circuit connections. Tighten connections. Crossed circuit
wires. Check circuits with manufacturer's diagram. Broken transmission
parts. Replace transmission. 7-5
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