SLR - Mangrove

MONITORING OF SOIL SURFACE
ELEVATION DYNAMICS
IN MANGROVE WETLANDS
IN RESPONSE TO SEA LEVEL RISE
IN INDONESIA
Frida Sidik
Hanggar Prasetio
Nuryani Widagti
Catherine Lovelock

Regional Conferences
Increasing the Resilience of Mangrove - Aquaculture Socio-
Ecological Systems in Southeast
17 20 February 2014 BOGOR
01
OUTLINE:
Balai Penelitian & Observasi Laut
Kementerian Kelautan & perikanan
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
LOCATION
METHOD
CONCLUSION
FUTURE WORKS
INTODUCTION
Indonesia coastline : 95.181 km,
highest rank of world's mangrove
rich countries, covering 22.6% of
global total mangroves (Giri et
al., 2010)
3.7 million ha of mangrove
forests and 5.5 million ha
mangrove plantation areas, with
35 mangrove species (MMAF,
2004).

As coastal wetlands, mangroves are
threatened by SLR (Mcleod et al.,
2010)

Mangrove can adapt concerning SLR
if elevation change rate > SLR rate
Mangrove Forest
To understand
mangrove ecosystem
adaptation to projected
SLR
Monitoring
02
Sea level rise vulnerability
Source: Mcleod et al., 2010
03
(Source: Lovelock and Ellison, 2007)
Mangroves have to maintain positive surface elevation change equivalent to or
exceeding the rates of SLR.
The factors influencing soil elevation : auto compaction, decomposition of organic
matter, root growth, water storage in sediments (shrink-swell) and tidal flooding
How mangroves can adapt ?
(Source: Cahoon et al., 2006)
04
OBJECTIVES
1. To investigate the capacity of
mangrove wetlands to keep pace
with projected sea level rise
2. To determine the factors controlling
the processes
05
MANGROVE FOREST
Perancak around IMRO
building, Budeng, Jembrana,
Bali
LOCATION
06
MANGROVE
SEA LEVEL
RISE
Vertical
Accretion
Elevation
Change
Tree
growth
RSET-MH, root bags,
Dendrometer bands
MANGROVE WETLAND ADAPTATION
IN RESPONSE TO SEA LEVEL RISE
METHOD
Root
growth
07
DATA
Data needed Sampling
Method
Information
Insitu data:
Geomorphology
(elevasion, vertical
accretion)
RSET MH, every 2
month in 2 years
Elevation and vertical
accretion dynamics
Tree diameter
increment
Dendrometer band,
every 2 month
Tree growth
Root biomass
growth
in-growth root bags Root production
Measurement is designed as we are focusing on the importance of
sedimentation and root growth
08
SAMPLING SITE
6 RSET stations (18 RSETs in
total):
3 RSETs in 3 stations in
natural mangrove
forests
3 RSETs in 3 stations in
abandoned shrimp
ponds restored
mangroves
09
MEASUREMENT (ELEVATION CHANGE)
The surface
elevation change
is a change in
elevation relative
to a subsurface
datum (in this
study 4-10m deep)
S
e
p

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-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
S
u
r
f
a
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e
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

c
h
a
n
g
e

(
c
m

y
r
-
1
)
Forests
Ponds
10
MEASUREMENT (VERTICAL ACREATION)
?cm
Vertical accretion
is dimension of soil
development
determined from a
marker horizon
(sediment supply
& biological
matter)

S
e
p

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1
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1
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-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

a
c
c
r
e
t
i
o
n

(
c
m

y
r
-
1
)
Forests
Ponds
11
MEASUREMENT (DENDROMETER BAND)
S
e
p

'
1
1
J
a
n

'
1
2
M
a
y

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1
2
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3
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0
2
4
6
8
10
M
e
a
n

t
r
e
e

d
i
a
m
e
t
e
r

(
c
m
)
Forests
Ponds
12
MEASUREMENT (ROOT GROWTH)
2011 - 2012 2012 - 2013
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Time of observation
R
o
o
t

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n

(
g

m
-
2

y
r
-
1
)
Forests
Ponds
The contribution of biotic
processes to elevation change or
vertical accretion through root
production.
13
CONCLUSION
Over two years of observation, rate of surface elevation change (0.7
cm/year) exceeded the current SLR rate (0.3 cm/year) mangroves can
keep pace with SLR
Soil surface elevation in restored mangroves increased over time at a
comparable rate as in natural forests. This finding shows the recovery of
restored mangrove ecosystems in response to accelerating sea level rise
through maintenance of soil surface elevation.
Hydrological (seasonal pattern) and biological processes (root production)
are important factors controlling elevation.

14
FUTURE WORKS
Digital elevation mapping using remote sensing
Measurement of Relative Positioning control points
Modeling the impact of projected SLR in the wetland using SLAMM (Sea
Level Affecting Marshes Model)
15
Sources:Clough & Larson, 2010; CGIAR, 2010
THANK YOU
MATUR SUKSEMA
More information bpol.litbang.kkp.go.id

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MONITORING OF SOIL SURFACE

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