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Acknowledgement
Agenda
Objectives
To find means and ways to construct the bridge
To establish context associated with construction of this bridge
To identify the risk associated with the construction of this bridge
To identify the likelihood and consequence of each risk
To recommend the mitigating measures to each risk
To prioritize and quantify the risks
Focus Civil Engineering
Assumptions
The two plots of land are state-owned (crown lands)
Fixed foreign exchange rate agreed between British promoter and
all concerned parties
Bridge construction in dry season
Choice of bridge
Cost is the determining factor
Arch bridge to be constructed
Main part supporting the bridge deck shaped as a curve arch
Arch element supported by abutments at its ends
Objective To eliminate/ overcome bending moment and shear forces
Bridge very strong with the appropriate design
Span 80 300m
Construction of arch bridge
Superstructure/ Decking Bearings Substructure

Piers & Abutments
Vertical structures supporting
deck/bearing provided for transmitting
the load down to the bed/earth
through foundation

Wing Walls & Returns
Provided as extension of the
abutments to retain the earth of
approach bank
Foundation
Transmit the load from the piers or
abutments and wings or returns to and
evenly distribute the load on to the
strata
Arch bridge
Includes slabs, girder, truss

Bear the load passing over it and transmits
the forces caused by the same to the
substructures
Transmit the load received from decking on
to the substructure

Provided for even distribution of the load
over the substructure material
RISK IDENTIFICATION
Identify risk events
Estimate likelihood
Identify impact
DEVELOP RISK STRATEGY
Accept
Avoid
Mitigate
RISK ANALYSIS
Analyse
Quantify
Rank & Short-List
ESTABLISH CONTEXT
Assessment criteria
IMPLEMENT STRATEGY
Risk action plans
Types of risks
Strategic
Financial
Operational
Technical
Commercial
Risk Management Model
Risk Classification
Strategic
Financial
Technical
Operational
Commercial
Establish Context
Project Initiation Design Tendering Construction
Commissioning &
Handing Over
Obtain clearance from CEB, CWA, EIA, Forestry
department & local authorities
Perform research work on similar projects and
retrieve statistical history
Acquire local regulation approval on design codes
(specifications for raw materials) and restrictions
Prepare concept plan (including type of bridge,
method of construction) & an approximate costing of
overall project
Design superstructure
Design substructure
Perform stability design
Prepare Bill of Quantities (BoQ)
Work on the costing
Prepare bidding procedures (launch,
evaluation, awarding) for contractors
Keep track on methodology of construction
Make sure tender specifications & standards
are followed
Ensure Health & Safety of personnel and
construction
Perform testing and get approval (on-going
process)
Perform final testing
Sign-off report
Risk Identification Project Initiation
Obtain clearance from CEB, CWA, EIA,
Forestry department & local authorities
Prepare concept plan (including type of
bridge, method of construction) & an
approximate costing of overall project
Acquire local regulation approval on design
codes (specifications for raw materials) and
restrictions
Perform research work on similar projects
and retrieve statistical history
Adverse public opinion/ media intervention

No clearance/ failure to obtain appropriate approval
Lack of accurate information/ unreliable data

Insufficient site information & unforeseeable circumstances
underground (no floating time)
Failure to comply to legal & regulatory obligations
associated with construction
Not meeting clients expectations (via the conceptual plan)

Unreasonable construction technology
strategic
strategic
technical
technical
strategic
strategic
technical
S1
S2
T1
T2
S3
S4
T3
Risk Identification Design
Design superstructure
Perform stability design
Design substructure
Poor design

Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials
Timeline not respected
Poor design

Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials

technical
technical
strategic
technical
technical
T4
T5
T6
T7
S5
Risk Identification Tendering
Prepare Bill of Quantities
Prepare bidding procedures (launch,
evaluation, awarding) for contractors
Work on the costing
Errors of omission of the BoQ

Errors of calculating unit price/ total price of the project
Unethical dealings

Wrong choice of contractors
Overestimation/ Underestimation
financial
commercial
strategic
financial
strategic
F1
F2
C1
S6
S7
Risk Identification Construction
Keep track on methodology of construction
Ensure Health & Safety of personnel
Make sure tender specifications & standards
are followed
Act of God/ natural calamities

Construction machinery breakdown

Shortage of working capital

Unfamiliar with the design drawings & design intention

Failure of suppliers to meet contractual commitment (quality, quantity &
timescales)

Quality of supervising personnel
Construction not according to the drawing

Unsuitable protection measures of construction safety
Non-cooperation of supervising engineers & contractors
Perform testing and get approval
Instability of construction equipment & unsafe operation

Wrongly calibrated equipment

Safety being compromised
operational
financial
technical
commercial
technical
operational
operational
technical
technical
operational
technical
operational
O1
T8
F3
T9
C2
O2
O3
T10
O4
T11
T12
O5
Risk Identification Commissioning & Handing Over
Sign-off report
Perform final testing
Delay in payment
Disqualification of the quality of raw materials

Indeterminate/ defective terms of contract
operational
strategic
technical
O6
S9
T13
Risks prioritisation
Risk ID Risk description Priority
T2 Insufficient site information & unforeseeable circumstances underground (no floating time) High
T4 Poor design High
T5 Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials High
O2 Quality of supervising personnel High
T11 Instability of construction equipment & unsafe operation High
O1 Act of God/ natural calamities High
F3 Shortage of working capital High
S2 No clearance/ failure to obtain appropriate approval High
S8 Indeterminate/ defective terms of contract High
C1 Overestimation / Underestimation High
C2 Failure to meet contractual commitment (quality, quantity & timescales) High
O5 Safety being compromised High
T1 Lack of accurate information/ unreliable data Medium
T10 Construction not according to the drawing Medium
T8 Construction machinery breakdown Medium
O4 Unsuitable protection measures of construction safety Medium
O6 Disqualification of the quality of raw materials Medium
F2 Errors of calculating unit price/ total price of the project Medium
S3 Failure to comply to legal & regulatory obligations associated with construction Medium
S7 Wrong choice of contractors Medium
T3 Unreasonable construction technology Low
T9 Unfamiliar with the design drawings & design intention Low
T12 Wrongly calibrated equipment Low
T13 Infrastructure failure Low
O3 Non-cooperation of supervising engineers & contractors Low
F1 Errors of omission in the BoQ Low
S1 Adverse public opinion/ media intervention Low
S4 Not meeting clients expectations (via the conceptual plan) Low
S5 Timeline not respected Low
S6 Unethical dealings Low
Assessment of Level of Impact & Consequence
Risk ID Risk description Priority Likelihood
T2 Insufficient site information & unforeseeable circumstances underground (no floating time) High Possible
T4 Poor design High Rare
T5 Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials High Possible
O2 Quality of supervising personnel High Likely
T11 Instability of construction equipment & unsafe operation High Unlikely
O1 Act of God/ natural calamities High Possible
F3 Shortage of working capital High Unlikely
S2 No clearance/ failure to obtain appropriate approval High Unlikely
S8 Indeterminate/ defective terms of contract High Possible
C1 Overestimation / Underestimation High Likely
C2 Failure to meet contractual commitment (quality, quantity & timescales) High Likely
O5 Safety being compromised High Unlikely
T1 Lack of accurate information/ unreliable data Medium Rare
T10 Construction not according to the drawing Medium Possible
T8 Construction machinery breakdown Medium Possible
O4 Unsuitable protection measures of construction safety Medium Likely
O6 Disqualification of the quality of raw materials Medium Unlikely
F2 Errors of calculating unit price/ total price of the project Medium Unlikely
S3 Failure to comply to legal & regulatory obligations associated with construction Medium Rare
S7 Wrong choice of contractors Medium Unlikely
T3 Unreasonable construction technology Low Unlikely
T9 Unfamiliar with the design drawings & design intention Low Rare
T12 Wrongly calibrated equipment Low Rare
T13 Infrastructure failure Low Rare
O3 Non-cooperation of supervising engineers & contractors Low Likely
F1 Errors of omission in the BoQ Low Rare
S1 Adverse public opinion/ media intervention Low Likely
S4 Not meeting clients expectations (via the conceptual plan) Low Possible
S5 Timeline not respected Low Unlikely
S6 Unethical dealings Low Possible
Qualifying the Risks
Risk ID Risk description Priority Likelihood Consequence Qualifying Risks
T2
Insufficient site information & unforeseeable circumstances underground (no
floating time)
High Possible Catastrophic Extreme
T4 Poor design High Rare Major High
T5 Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials High Possible Moderate High
O2 Quality of supervising personnel High Likely Minor High
T11 Instability of construction equipment & unsafe operation High Unlikely Major High
O1 Act of God/ natural calamities High Possible Catastrophic Extreme
F3 Shortage of working capital High Unlikely Catastrophic Extreme
S2 No clearance/ failure to obtain appropriate approval High Unlikely Major High
S8 Indeterminate/ defective terms of contract High Possible Moderate High
C1 Overestimation / Underestimation High Likely Catastrophic Extreme
C2 Failure to meet contractual commitment (quality, quantity & timescales) High Likely Major Extreme
O5 Safety being compromised High Unlikely Minor Low
T1 Lack of accurate information/ unreliable data Medium Rare Catastrophic High
T10 Construction not according to the drawing Medium Possible Major Extreme
T8 Construction machinery breakdown Medium Possible Moderate High
O4 Unsuitable protection measures of construction safety Medium Likely Minor High
O6 Disqualification of the quality of raw materials Medium Unlikely Major High
F2 Errors of calculating unit price/ total price of the project Medium Unlikely Major High
S3 Failure to comply to legal & regulatory obligations associated with construction Medium Rare Major High
S7 Wrong choice of contractors Medium Unlikely Catastrophic Extreme
T3 Unreasonable construction technology Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate
T9 Unfamiliar with the design drawings & design intention Low Rare Minor Low
T12 Wrongly calibrated equipment Low Rare Minor Low
T13 Infrastructure failure Low Rare Major High
O3 Non-cooperation of supervising engineers & contractors Low Likely Moderate High
F1 Errors of omission in the BoQ Low Rare Major High
S1 Adverse public opinion/ media intervention Low Likely Insignificant Moderate
S4 Not meeting clients expectations (via the conceptual plan) Low Possible Minor Moderate
S5 Timeline not respected Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate
S6 Unethical dealings Low Possible Moderate High
Re-prioritising the Risks
Risk ID Risk description Priority Likelihood Consequence
Qualifying
Risks
T2
Insufficient site information & unforeseeable circumstances underground (no floating
time)
High Possible Catastrophic Extreme
O1 Act of God/ natural calamities High Possible Major Extreme
F3 Shortage of working capital High Unlikely Catastrophic Extreme
C1 Overestimation / Underestimation High Likely Catastrophic Extreme
C2 Failure to meet contractual commitment (quality, quantity & timescales) High Possible Major Extreme
T10 Construction not according to the drawing Medium Possible Major Extreme
S7 Wrong choice of contractors Medium Unlikely Catastrophic Extreme
T4 Poor design High Rare Major High
T5 Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials High Possible Moderate High
O2 Quality of supervising personnel High Likely Minor High
T11 Instability of construction equipment & unsafe operation High Unlikely Major High
S2 No clearance/ failure to obtain appropriate approval High Unlikely Major High
S8 Indeterminate/ defective terms of contract High Possible Moderate High
T1 Lack of accurate information/ unreliable data Medium Rare Catastrophic High
T8 Construction machinery breakdown Medium Possible Moderate High
O4 Unsuitable protection measures of construction safety Medium Likely Minor High
O6 Disqualification of the quality of raw materials Medium Unlikely Major High
F2 Errors of calculating unit price/ total price of the project Medium Unlikely Major High
S3 Failure to comply to legal & regulatory obligations associated with construction Medium Rare Major High
T13 Infrastructure failure Low Rare Major High
O3 Non-cooperation of supervising engineers & contractors Low Likely Minor High
F1 Errors of omission in the BoQ Low Rare Major High
S6 Unethical dealings Low Possible Moderate High
T3 Unreasonable construction technology Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate
S1 Adverse public opinion/ media intervention Low Likely Insignificant Moderate
S4 Not meeting clients expectations (via the conceptual plan) Low Possible Minor Moderate
S5 Timeline not respected Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate
T9 Unfamiliar with the design drawings & design intention Low Rare Minor Low
T12 Wrongly calibrated equipment Low Rare Minor Low
O5 Safety being compromised High Unlikely Minor Low
Risk ID Risk description Priority Likelihood Consequence
Qualifying
Risks
Risk
Quantification
Factor
Associated
Task Amount
Risk
Amount
Millions
(Rs)
T2
Insufficient site information & unforeseeable circumstances
underground (no floating time)
High Possible Catastrophic Extreme 1 0.09 90,000
O1 Act of God/ natural calamities High Possible Major Extreme 0.1 242.25 24,225,000
F3 Shortage of working capital High Unlikely Catastrophic Extreme 0.1 242.25 24,225,000
C1 Overestimation / Underestimation High Likely Catastrophic Extreme 10 0.06 600,000
C2
Failure to meet contractual commitment (quality, quantity &
timescales)
High Possible Major Extreme 0.1 242.25 24,225,000
T10 Construction not according to the drawing Medium Possible Major Extreme 0.1 1.28 127,500
S7 Wrong choice of contractors Medium Unlikely Catastrophic Extreme 0.1 0.03 3,000
T4 Poor design High Rare Major High 0.001 24.75 24,750
T5 Unsatisfactory quality of designing materials High Possible Moderate High 0.05 24.75 1,237,500
O2 Quality of supervising personnel High Likely Minor High 0.2 242.25 48,450,000
T11 Instability of construction equipment & unsafe operation High Unlikely Major High 0.01 7.65 76,500
S2 No clearance/ failure to obtain appropriate approval High Unlikely Major High 0.01 0.60 6,000
S8 Indeterminate/ defective terms of contract High Possible Moderate High 0.05 0.06 3,000
T1 Lack of accurate information/ unreliable data Medium Rare Catastrophic High 0.01 0.09 900
T8 Construction machinery breakdown Medium Possible Moderate High 0.05 242.25 12,112,500
O4 Unsuitable protection measures of construction safety Medium Likely Minor High 0.2 7.65 1,530,000
O6 Disqualification of the quality of raw materials Medium Unlikely Major High 0.01 3.83 38,250
F2 Errors of calculating unit price/ total price of the project Medium Unlikely Major High 0.01 2.10 21,000
S3
Failure to comply to legal & regulatory obligations associated with
construction
Medium Rare Major High 0.001 0.03 30
T13 Infrastructure failure Low Rare Major High 0.001 0.06 60
O3 Non-cooperation of supervising engineers & contractors Low Likely Minor High 0.2 242.25 48,450,000
F1 Errors of omission in the BoQ Low Rare Major High 0.001 2.10 2,100
S6 Unethical dealings Low Possible Moderate High 0.05 0.03 1,500
T3 Unreasonable construction technology Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate 0.005 2.25 11,250
S1 Adverse public opinion/ media intervention Low Likely Insignificant Moderate 0.1 0.60 60,000
S4 Not meeting clients expectations (via the conceptual plan) Low Possible Minor Moderate 0.02 2.25 45,000
S5 Timeline not respected Low Unlikely Moderate Moderate 0.005 8.25 41,250
T9 Unfamiliar with the design drawings & design intention Low Rare Minor Low 0.0002 242.25 48,450
T12 Wrongly calibrated equipment Low Rare Minor Low 0.0002 3.83 765
O5 Safety being compromised High Unlikely Minor Low 0.002 3.825 7,650
Quantifying the Risks
Risk Charts
Enabling objectives


Project Initiation

Design

Tendering

Construction

Commissioning & Handing Over
Rating of potential risks based on probability & impact
Low impact
High probability
High impact
High probability
Low impact
Low probability
High impact
Low probability
Moderate Risk
2
4
6
8
10
2 4 6 8 10
Event Project Initiation
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
IMPACT
P
R
O
B
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y

2
6
8
10
4
2 4 6 8 10
E
v
e
n
t

P
r
o
j
e
c
t

I
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
o
n

Moderate Risk
Low impact
High probability
High impact
High probability
Low impact
Low probability
High impact
Low probability
2
4
6
8
10
2 4 6 8 10
Event Design
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
IMPACT
P
R
O
B
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y

2
6
8
10
4
2 4 6 8 10
E
v
e
n
t

D
e
s
i
g
n

Moderate Risk
Low impact
High probability
High impact
High probability
Low impact
Low probability
High impact
Low probability
2
4
6
8
10
2 4 6 8 10
Event Tendering
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
IMPACT
P
R
O
B
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y

2
6
8
10
4
2 4 6 8 10
E
v
e
n
t

T
e
n
d
e
r
i
n
g

Moderate Risk
Low impact
High probability
High impact
High probability
Low impact
Low probability
High impact
Low probability
2
4
6
8
10
2 4 6 8 10
Event Construction
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
IMPACT
P
R
O
B
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y

2
6
8
10
4
2 4 6 8 10
E
v
e
n
t

C
o
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
o
n

Moderate Risk
Low impact
High probability
High impact
High probability
Low impact
Low probability
High impact
Low probability
2
4
6
8
10
2 4 6 8 10
Event Commissioning & Handing Over
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
IMPACT
P
R
O
B
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y

2
6
8
10
4
2 4 6 8 10
E
v
e
n
t

C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
i
n
g

&

H
a
n
d
i
n
g

O
v
e
r

Risks Strategies
Remedial Actions