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COURSE IN CP INSPECTION
METHODS
FOR CORROCEAN
Part II
CP Inspection
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Check the CP systems ability to avoid corrosion
problems
Detect any corrosion problems to adjust/retrofit
before any major failure
In general secure integrity of the
structure/pipeline
Collect data to reduce future inspection
requirements
Regulations/Authorities
Why CP inspection?
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Standards and regulations
Regulations concerning load bearing structures in
the petroleum activities
Guidelines on corrosion protection of load bearing
structures in the petroleum activity 1992
Guidelines on condition monitoring of load bearing
structures to regulations concerning load bearing
structures in the petroleum activities - 1992
Regulations relating to pipeline systems in the
petroleum activities
Guidelines on corrosion protection of pipeline system
etc. - 1998
DnV RP B401 1993
DnV RP B403 1987 (Calibration procedures etc.)
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Phases in an offshore structures
life
A D
-1040
-900
-850
-650
mV wrt Ag/AgCl
B C
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Phases cont.
Period A - Polarisation of new structure/pipeline. (Months)
Normally very short but dependant on design criteria and anode output
characteristics.

Period B - Protected Design Life. (e.g. 15 years )
Stabilised CP conditions but dependant on CP design, anode efficiency,
coating breakdown and environmental conditions.
e.g.. Design for approx 5 to 10 % coating failure.
CP level desired; -950 mV to -1050 mV.

Period C - Depolarisation Period.
Period when anodes are reaching end of design life with reduced efficiency.
The slope will depend on anode and coating conditions affecting protection
level. Accuracy of CP measurements most critical.

Period D - Under Protection.
This is a critical period when protective levels drop below -800 mV
(or -900 mV for buried pipe). Danger of failure from corrosion at localised
postions.
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Impressed Cathodic
Protection
Sacrifical Cathodic
Protection
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What do we measure?
Potential (CP) (vs. Ag/AgCl or Zn ref. Cells)
Electrical Field Gradient (EFG or FG in
uV/cm)
Anode current (mA or Amp)
Visual inspection of anodes
(geometry/consumption/loss of)
Visual inspection of coating damages
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Principle of measurements
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CP measurements level
On steel material typical potential level
With Zinc anodes 800 mV to 1050 mV
With Aluminium anodes 800 mV to 1100 mV
Protection level for steel 800 mV.
Very well protected 900 mV to -1050 mV
Freely corroding steel 650 mV
On anodes
Zinc anodes 980 mV to 1050 mV
Aluminium anodes 1000 mV to 1100 mV
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Survey Techniques
A Number of Survey Techniques Developed
Cell to Cell Survey (CP Stab Measurement)
CTC-2 Survey (CP/FG Measurement)
(Current)
Trailing Wire Survey (CP Measurement)
Clamp on meter (Anode current)
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Potential Fields
Showing Local Variations In Proximity To Anode
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Schematic potential profile
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Principle of Electric
Field Gradient
Measurement
Principle of Potential
(CP) Measurement
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Stabber and Cell To Cell Technique
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Trailing wire utilising towed fish
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Cell To Cell Technique
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Cell to cell principle
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Trailing Wire Survey
Utilising Drop Cell CTC Stepwise Technique
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CP/Field gradient measurements
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CTC-2 Field Gradient
CP General Arrangement
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CTC-2 Typical results exposed
pipe
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FG horizontal offset error
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CP Inspection System Schematic
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Calibration requirements
Calibration of the reference cells used in
the CP equipments, e.g. Ag/AgCl or Zn ref.
cells
Check of control reference cells, 3 calomel
cells required in a calibration set.
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Calibration of calomel reference
cells
One set consists of 3 equal calomel reference cells
(SCE), i.e SCE 1, SCE 2 and SCE 3
Compare ref. cells by use of Multimeter; accept level
from 2 mV to +2 mV.
Selection criteria:
All accepted; select any.
One reading out of range; the ref cell not in the reading to be used
Only one reading OK; selected either of those.
All readings outside accept criteria; select the best. After survey
deliver reference cell to laboratory for test.
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Calibration of silver/silver
chloride half cell/Stab Reader
Ref. DnV RP B403.
Check against either a Zinc-block or
calomel ref cells
Ref. cells/ Stab Reader immersed for 15 to
30 min. before check. NOTE! Not water
from firewater system!!
Accept criteria
Against Zn-block: - 1010 mV to 1050 mV.
Against Calomel half cell: +1 mV to 9 mV
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Calibration setup

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Check of CTC-2 probe (two ref.
cells)
The matched pair used on CTC-2 system must
be calibrated before mounting on ROV
New calibration within each 24 hours or pre and
post dive.
FG reading is sensitive to drift/changes in the
potential differences between the matched pair
(offset) under operation.
Zero field control, by measuring off structure
potential, then on structure or anode.
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Basic Report
For pipelines raw data plot of potentials and
Field Gradient (FG) (if included in survey).
Anode potentials, debris, coating damages etc.
For structures tabulating potentials and FG
readings
Post processing
Different plot dependent on requirements
Reporting
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Data analysis
Detailed analysis based on analytical methods
and/or simulations (element methods)
May included the following:
Anode current Output (Ia), remaining life (RL), wastage (W)
Effect of different degree of burial
Effect of changed coating damage percentage; also local effects
Overall operating performance of CP system
Current drain
Stray current
Depolarisation
Life extension
Retrofit Design analysis
Trend analysis
Optimisation of future inspection program
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Platform Data Trending
Platform Potential Surveys For 1979,85,90 & 95
-1050
-1025
-1000
-975
-950
-925
-900
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
Elevation/Metres
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
/
m
V
w
r
t

A
g
/
A
g
C
l

R
e
f

E
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
1979 1985 1990 1995
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CP System Studies
Evaluation of Existing Systems
Basic Approach
Data Input
Methodology Employed
CP Study Output
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Data Input
Detailed Structural Drawings of Submerged Steelwork
Component Hierarchy Listings
Historical Potential Measurements Recorded
Historical Anode Survey Data
Surface Area of Submerged Steel
Installation Dates
Anode Specifications
Anode Retrofit Details
Metallic Debris Levels
Reports on Remedial Actions
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Methodology Employed
Review All Available Historical Data and Original Design
Data Input to Database and Manipulation to Req. Format
Analysis of Data to Provide CP Systems Overview and
Status
Determine Intermediate Survey Requirements
Tailored Survey
Calculations to Provide Predictions of Remaining Life
Determine Remedial Actions to Maintain Structure
Integrity to Anticipated End of Life
Computer Modelling for Retrofit Optimisation (if req.)
Determine Long Term Survey Programme
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CP Study Output
Enhanced Confidence in Performance of CP System
Action Plan to Maintain CP System Integrity to End of
System Life
Tailored Cost-Effective Long Term Survey Programme
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CorrOceans Methodology
Historical
Data
Design
Data
Optimised inspection Frequency Retrofit
Optimised Design
Life Time Prediction
SEA CORR
Computer
Modelling
Cois
Survey Data
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Some CP simulation examples.
Simulation performed by CorrOceans
SEACORR/CP system
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-809.1
-852.7
-874.5
-896.2
-918.0
-939.8
-961.6
-983.4
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