DIRECT INSTRUCTION

Calugcug
Siegfried E. Engelmann

Formalized the logic and
methods of DI.
Let us define
Teaching using lectures or
demonstrations of the material.

Facilitate Learning




Learning Visual Concept Diagram
1. Introduction/Review
Gain the pupils attention.

Referred focusing stage.

Informed
2. Development
Teachers models the behavior.

Clear explanations of any information.

Check for understanding

Prompts
3. Guided Practice
Activities/tasks can be assigned.

Pupils practice the expected learning.

Teachers can offer assistance.
4. Closure
Conclusion

Recap what was covered in the lesson.

Remind pupils about the goal for instruction.

Prepare them to complete the independent
practice.
5. Independent Practice
Activities or tasks related to the defined learning
outcomes are assigned.

Determine the degree of mastery that pupils
have achieved.
6. Evaluation
Assess pupils progress.

Provide the necessary feedback to both the
teacher and the pupil.

Determine whether expected learning outcomes
have been met.
Features
Learners taught in small groups whom
are constituted by ability
Attention focused on the teacher
Scripted presentation of carefully
designed instruction
Active responding as a group and
individually
Responding is cued by the teacher
Frequent feedback and correction
High pace

Attributes
Homogeneous Skill Grouping

Scripted Class Sessions

Intense, Constant Student Interaction

Teaching to Mastery
Strategies
1. Daily review
2. Presenting and structuring new content
3. Guided student practice
4. Feedback and correctives
5. Independent practice
6. Weekly and monthly reviews

Disadvantages
Based on old learning theories.
Students do not have a sense of the overall
purpose of the simple steps.
Teachers cannot assess what the students prior
knowledge is.
Retention of how to solve the problem is low.
Works for only smaller percentage of students.

Advantages
The teacher has control of the lesson.
Students are easy to monitor.
Teacher has control over what will be learned.
The curriculum can be covered.

To use direct instruction
well, choose a concept for
which direct instruction is
appropriate.
Appropriate
Disseminate information

Raise student interest

Content mastery


Exercise
1. The teacher and her aide are working with the
entire class on a language exercise.
2. As soon as the teacher asks a question, Billy
responds with the correct answer.
3. On average, each student makes an oral
response once per minute.
4. The teacher's instruction is determined by a
pre-planned script.
5. The teacher has been working all evening to
prepare his lecture to the students.
Sources
http://www.worksheetlibrary.com/teachingtips/di
rectinstruction.html
http://www.projectpro.com/icr/research/di/summ
ary.htm
www.youtube.com
http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/387/OpenModu
les/Engelmann/Engelmannbio.html
Teaching Methodology and Child Development
by V.K. Nanda
DIRECT INSTRUCTION
Calugcug