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Aspects of pronunciation

Combinations of sounds
Sounds coour in groups
2 consonants occur at the end of the word
salt
Sometimes called a consonant cluster

Linkage of sounds
English speak generally do not pause
between each word
Move smoothly from one word to the next
Special ways of doing it
e.g. not at all
Move from the t at the end of not / at to
the vowel sounds at the beginning of at /
all
Word stress
When a word has more than one syllable
(polysyllabic)
One of them made to stand out more than the
others
By saying that syllable louder
Holding the vowel a little longer
Pronouncing the consonants very clearly
Give that syllable prominence / stress
e.g. table isnt any
Rhythm
English speech resembles music beat
Groups of syllables like bars of music
Within each group strong and weak
beats
Strong beats fall on nouns, verbs,
adjective, adverbs (carry a lot of meaning)
Weak beats prepositions, articles,
pronouns (with a grammatical functions)

Weak forms
Word with only one syllable unstressed
in a sentence pronunciation different
from when it is stressed
e.g. the
By itself/ stressed - /i:/
When unstressed vowel short and
indistinct //
e.g. isnt /iznt/

Sentence stress
In a conversation
A: Theres a plenty of salt.
B: There isnt any salt on the table.
Speakers decide they want to give more / less
prominence to a particular word
Word may be given less weight b/c it has been
said already
More weight b/c speakers want to highlight it
on the table to point out to you there isnt
any in a particular place
Intonation
Speech uses changes in pitch
Speakers change the pitch of their voice
making it higher / lower in pitch at will/
even jump up suddenly in pitch (as singers
do)
Has a melody intonation
2 basic melodies rising / falling
Sudden / gradual/
can be put together in various
combinations rise-fall-rise/ fall-rise-fall
Use pitch to send various messages
A: There isnt any salt on the table.
B : There isnt any salt on the table.
= Are you sure?/ Im amazed.
B: There isnt any salt on the table.

There is salt somewhere but not on the
table.
e.g. You mustnt touch that.


Syllable
One vowel sound and any consonant
sounds that are pronounced with it in a
word
Vowel essential element except for
syllabic consonants (l, r, m, n)

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