HOSPITAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT
RAJKUMAR EUNICE
PARIMALA VARSHA
RAJ MICHELLE
Medical Waste
Total waste generated by
hospitals, healthcare
establishments
and research facilities in
the diagnosis, treatment,
immunization and
associated research
Health care
waste
Non risk
waste(75-
90%)
Risk waste(10-
25%)
RISKY
WASTE
Chemical waste
Lab reagents,
Disinfectants,
solvents
Pathological waste
Body parts,
blood & other fluids
Pressurized
containers
Gas cylinders,
Cartridges &
aerosol cans
Infectious waste
Lab Cultures, waste
from isolation
wards, tissues, etc
Pharmaceutical Waste:
Expired or no longer
needed
pharmaceuticals
Waste with high
heavy metal content
Batteries, broken
thermometers,
Blood pressure
gauges
Genotoxic
waste
Cytotoxic
drugs,
genotoxic
chemical
Sharps
Needles, infusions sets,
Scalpels, knives, blades
Health Care Waste Composition in
Asian Countries
80%
1%
15%
3%
Sales
General health care waste
Sharps
Pathological and
infectious waste
Chemical and
Pharmaceutical
Healthcare waste composition in developing Asian countries
(WHO,1999)
Medical Waste Generation in Asia
0.33 million tons/year in India
0.25 million tons/year in Pakistan
(100 ton/day from Karachi alone)
2,000 tons/day in china
60,000 tons/year in Vietnam
255 tons/day in Dhaka alone
47 tons/day in Metro Manila(11 tons/day
illegally dumped)
Treatment Technologies: Comparison
Incineration Autoclave Microwave Chemical
Disinfection
Plasma
Pyrolysis
Investment/
Operating
cost
high moderate high low high
Suitability
Of the
waste
Not for
radioactive
All except
pathologic
waste
All except
cytotoxic,
radioactive
Liquid waste all
Ease of
Operation
No Yes Yes Yes No
Waste
Volume
reduction
Significant Less Significant Significant
Odour
Problems
Yes Lght Sligh Sligh None
Environmen
tal
friendly
No Yes Yes No Yes
HEALTH CARE WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
LAWS IN THE PHILIPPINES
THREE MAIN LAWS
The Metropolitan Manila Authority (MMA)
Ordinance No. 16
Hospital Licensure Law (Republic Act No.
4226)
The toxic Substances and Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 (Republic
Act No. 6969)
The Metropolitan Manila Authority
(MMA) Ordinance No. 16


passed in 1991 by the Metropolitan Manila Council

GOAL: prevent hospital acquired infection, environmental
protection, protection of hospital personnel and visitors,
garbage collectors, scavengers and the community at large.

Classifies hospital waste and priscribes the use of color coded
waste bags to identify the type of waste.


Black trash bag: non infectious dry waste
Geen trash bag: non infectious wet waste
Yellow trash bag: dry and wet chemical and
other potentially infectious waste,
pathological waste, chemical waste, sharps
contained in puncture proof containers
covered with lime
Orange trash bag with trefoil sign: for
radioactive waste.
Hospital Licensure Law (Republic Act
No. 4226)

Classifies hospitals into 1. Government or private hospitals 2.
General or special hospital 3. Primary,secondary or tertiary
hospitals according to the service capabilities offered 4.
Training or nontraining hospitals

It specifies the needed physical facilities of a hospital for solid
waste management such as the physical plant, hospital
equipment and maintenance of these physical facilities.
The toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
This law covers the importation, manufacture,
processing, handling, storage,
transportation,sale, distribution, use and
disposal of all unregulated chemical
substances and mixtures in the Philippines.
ADDITIONALS
The DOH aso has several responsibilities for regulating
hospitals in the Philippines. The have responsibitilies in the
management of the hospital waste and disposal.
They monitor it by:
1. Environmental health services
2. Hospital operation and management Services
3. Hospital Maintenance Services
4. Health infrastructure services
5. Radiation health sevices
6. Bureau of lincensing and regulations
WHY IS INCINERATION BANNED?
Incineration turned out to be one the leading sources of highly
toxic dioxin, furans, mercury, lead, and other dangerous air
pollutants.

These emissions have serious adverse consequences on worker
safety, public health, and the environment.


Dioxins, for example, have been linked to cancer, immune system
disorders, diabetes, birth defects, and other health effects.


Medical waste incinerators are a leading source of dioxins and
mercury in the environment.
LAWS CONCERING ITS BAN
There are three laws that tackle the proper management of
hospital wastes.

A. Republic Act No. 6969 (Toxic and Hazardous Substances and
Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990)
B. RA No. 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)
C. RA No. 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000).


DMSF
The hospital mainly collects the waste,
segregates it and sends it over to a company
that manages hospital wastes

Japan exporting harzadous waste to
the Philippines
The Philippines' demand
that the Japanese
government take back
shipments of hazardous
waste
Still, the fact that the
discovery on November 24
of the 124 vans of
hazardous waste led to such
high-level, formal
representation is significant
Siazon said a government investigation
showed the 40-foot vans contained hazardous
waste, mostly ''clinical wastes'' from Japanese
hospitals and medical centers.
Now impounded, they are classified as Y-1
material under the Basel Convention, which
bars the export of hazardous waste from
industrialized to developing countries.
Philippines | Hospitals Show the Way
to Health Care Waste Management
News posted by ale.livs on August 1,
2013

Among the best practices featured are:
Materials recovery and recycling, banning of polystyrene
foam packaging, composting, and encapsulation of
autoclaved sharps waste of the Hospital Waste Management
Team at Maria Reyna-Xavier University Hospital in Cagayan
de Oro City

Safe practices to prevent radiation exposure in General
Santos Doctors Hospital led by the Radiology Technology
team

Use of safer alternatives for surface cleaning and cleaning of
non-critical items by the housekeeping staff, autoclaving of
waste, and maximizing natural lighting at St. Paul Hospital
Tuguegarao City

Installation of the first Philippine hospital biodigester
designed by a biomedical waste worker to convert food and
garden waste into methane gas for the kitchen and laundry,
solar panels for water heating, green walls for cooling, and
vermicomposting at Perpetual Succor Hospital in Cebu City
Wastewater treatment and reuse of treated water for
gardening led by the engineers of Philippine Heart Center
and Our Lady of Peace Hospital in Paranaque City

Mercury-free dental services from the San Lazaro Hospital
dentists.




The country is the first
in Asia to have a
national legislation
mandating the phase-
out of mercury in all
health care facilities
and institutions and
the first in the world to
have a national
legislation banning
medical waste
incineration.
SALAMAT..!!!