Composition of Blood

Functions of Blood
Plasma proteins
Definition:-
Blood may be described as specialized connective
tissue in which liquid intracellular substances known
as plasma & formed elements like RBCs, WBCs &
platelets remains suspended in it.

It is considered as fluid of life.
It is considered as fluid of Growth.
It is considered as fluid of Health.

Components of Whole Blood
Figure 17.1
Withdraw
blood and
place in
tube
1 2
Centrifuge
Plasma
(55% of whole blood)
Formed
elements
Buffy coat:
leukocyctes
and platelets
(<1% of whole
blood)
Erythrocytes
(45% of whole
blood)
Measured via Hematocrit: female 38% to 46%, male 40% to 54%

Whole Blood.


Cellular portion (45%) Fluid portion (plasma) 55%


RBCs WBCs Platelets Solid (9%) Water (91-92%)
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes


Organic Molecule Gases (O2, Co
2
, N) Inorganic mole (1%)
(8%) dissolved in plasma i] Sodium chloride
ii] Sodium bicarbonate
iii] Phosphorus , Ca
++
iv] Na, Mg, Cu, F, Iodine, Iron

Organic Molecules (8%)




Plasma protein i] Non protein nitrogenous
(7%) sub (1%) urea, uric acid,
ammonia, creatine, creatinine,
amino acids
Albumin ii] Neutral fats, sugar , Carbohydrates
Globulin cholesterol, phospholipids
Fibrinogen iii] Hormones, Antibodies
Prothrombin iv] Enzymes amylase
carbonic anhydrase, esterase,
proteases, amylases, alkaline
phosphatase, lipase etc.
V] Essential & non essential fatty acids

Physical Characteristics of
Blood
Colour = Red
Odour =
Taste = Salty
pH = 7.4 alkaline pH = - log [H
+
]
Specific Gravity =1050 -1060
Males -1.057
Female 1.053
Viscosity = 5 (water =1, plasma=1.8)
Temperature =37
0
c
Total Blood Volume =5-6 liters.
Males -5 liters.
Females- 4.7 liters.

Functions of Blood
1] Transport of respiratory gases

2] Transport of nutrients i.e. nutritive function

3] Excretory

4] Homeostatic function
internal environment of cell Milieu interior

5] Maintain the ion balance between cell & surrounding fluid.

6] Maintenance of acid base equilibrium.

7] Regular the B.P. by changing volume & viscosity of blood.




8] Role in transport of hormones
It acts as vehicle through which hormones, vitamines, & other
chemicals are brought to the target organs.

9] Plasma protein of blood have various function like viscosity,
osmotic effect, buffer action etc.
10] Chemical hemostat
By means of chemical communication system which acts
as feedback loop.

11] Regulation of body temp
High specific heat
High conductivity quick distribution of heat
High latent heat of evaporation H
2
0 is constantly
evaporating from skin & lungs so large amount of heat is lost.



12] Protective / Defensive action

Develops antibodies & protect body against infection.

The W.B.Cs due to their phagocytic properties engulf
bacteria & foreign particals.


13] plays role in clotting mechanism & prevents blood loss due to
haemorrhage.

Plasma Proteins



Type Normal Plasma Level Functions
i] pre albumine (MW
60,000)
ii] Albumine (MW
69000)
(55%)
0.03 gm %

Binds with T
3
& T
4

3 5 gm %
(Av.- 4.8gm%)
i] It control colloid
osmotic pressure.
ii] Transport of anion,
cataion, drugs, dyes,
hormones, amino acids,
enzymes, & fatty acids.
Glbuline (MW variable)
(38%)
2 3 gm% (Av. 2.3gm%)
Fibrinogen (MW
3,50,000)
Prothrombin (MW
68000) (7%)
0.3 gm%

40 mg%
Help in blood clotting

Help in blood clotting





13% globulin

14% globulin

11% globulin