www.eia.gov U.S.

Energy Information Administration Independent Statistics & Analysis

Oil and Natural Gas in Sub-Saharan Africa
August 1, 2013

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Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: U.S. Department of State
Liquid Fuels Reserves and Production
in Sub-Saharan Africa
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4
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
produced nearly 6 million bbl/d
of liquid fuels in 2012, which was
about 7% of total world oil
production.

Overview
Sub-Saharan Africa contains
62.6 billion barrels of proved
crude oil reserves. The Middle
East has 13 times that amount
and Central and South America
has 5 times that amount.

Middle East
30%
North America
20%
Eurasia
15%
Sub-Saharan
Africa
7%
North Africa
5%
Asia &
Oceania
10%
Central & South
America
9%
Europe
4%
Global Liquid Fuels Production, 2012
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
Middle East
Central & South America
North America
Eurasia
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia & Oceania
Europe
Regional Comparison of Proved Crude Oil Reserves
Source: Oil & Gas Journal, as of January 1, 2013; EIA, U.S. Crude Reserves,
billion barrels
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Oil production in SSA grew by an annual average of 3% over the past 10 years. Production
growth was led by Angola and a few smaller producers.

Total liquid fuels production is forecast to grow by an annual average of 3% in 2013 and
8% in 2014, led by Angola, Ghana, and South Sudan in both years and Nigeria in 2014.

If South Sudans production is shut in for the second half of 2013 and all of 2014 and
unplanned disruptions persist at heightened levels in Nigeria, SSA liquid fuels
production would grow by 1% in 2013 and 2% in 2014

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5
6
7
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Liquid Fuels Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
Baseline
Low scenario
million barrels per day
projections
Source: EIA, Short-Term Energy Outlook
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Sudan and South Sudan had been the third largest oil producer in the
region before South Sudan shut in all of its oil production in January 2012.

Nigeria has been the top liquid fuels producer in the SSA
region, followed by Angola. Together they made up 75% of
total liquid fuels produced in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2012.
Top SSA Liquid Fuels Producers in 2012
Country
Production
(million bbl/d)
Nigeria 2.52
Angola 1.87
Equatorial Guinea 0.32
Congo (Brazzaville) 0.29
Gabon 0.24
Other SSA 0.64
Total SSA 5.88
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
Nigeria
43%
Angola
32%
Equatorial
Guinea
5%
Congo
(Brazzaville)
5%
Gabon
4%
Rest of SSA
11%
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
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Unplanned disruptions caused by oil theft and pipeline damage
compromises a substantial portion of Nigerias crude oil production.
Crude oil production peaked at 2.44 million bbl/d in 2005. Despite new
production coming online, crude oil output was only 2.10 million bbl/d
in 2012.
0
1
2
3
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Oil Production in Nigeria, 2003-2012
million bbl/d
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics and Short-Term Energy Outlook
Crude oil output fell by more than 25%
as infrastructure attacks and oil theft
escalated (2005-2009).
In 2010, attacks on oil facilities
declined following the
implementation of the amnesty
program. But after 2011 disruptions
began to escalate again.
liquid fuels production
crude oil production
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Mature Production Production Management Production Growth New Producers
Production is forecast to decrease
because of natural decline in mature
fields. New production may come
onstream, but volumes are not large
enough to offset declines.
Forecast production is flat or steadily
increasing. New production coming
onstream equals or exceeds the
natural decline in mature fields.
Production is forecast to grow in
countries that are relatively new
producers as additional fields come
onstream.
Oil production is expected to
start sometime within the
next five years.
Sudan and South Sudan Nigeria Ghana Uganda
Equatorial Guinea Angola Niger Madagascar
Gabon Congo (Brazzaville)
Cameroon South Africa
Chad Ivory Coast
Congo (Kinshasa)
Mauritania
Several deepwater oil projects are being developed in West Africa. New
production from deepwater fields is expected to start in Nigeria, Angola,
Congo (Brazzaville), and Ghana within the next five years.

Crude oil production in Uganda and heavy oil production in Madagascar is
anticipated to start within the next five years.

Short- to Medium-Term Country Characteristics
Oil Exports
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China was the largest crude oil importer from Sub-Saharan Africa in
2012, followed by the United States. Angola is the second leading
exporter of crude to China and accounted for 15% of Chinas crude oil
imports in 2012.
China
22%
US
13%
India
11%
Netherlands
6%
Spain
5%
Other Europe Union
17%
Other Asia
Pacific
10%
Central & South America
7%
Other North America
3%
Africa
6%
Other
>1%
Sub-Saharan Africa's Exports of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate, by Destination, 2012
Note: Estimates include crude oil and lease condensate traded via tanker and does not include oil traded inland by truck.
Source: APEX Tanker Data
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U.S. crude oil imports from Nigeria have declined sharply because of
growing U.S. production of light sweet crude oil, of similar quality to
Nigerian crude. Nigeria typically accounted for about 10% of the crude oil
imported into the United States; in 2012, that share dropped to about 5%.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
U.S. imports of crude oil from Sub-Saharan Africa
thousand barrels per day
Source: EIA, Petroleum & Other Liquids
Sub-Saharan Africa
Nigeria
Angola
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Nigeria exported around 2.2 million bb/d of liquid fuels in 2012. Exports
diverted from the United States have been absorbed by the European
Union, making the region the leading regional importer of Nigerias oil.
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Nigerias liquid fuels exports, by region, 2012
Note: Estimates include crude oil and lease condensate traded via tanker and does not include oil traded inland by truck.
Source: APEX Tanker Data

thousand barrels per day
United States
European Union
Other
Asia
Natural Gas Production
in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Sub-Saharan Africa produced
1.69 trillion cubic feet of natural
gas in 2011, accounting for 1%
of total global natural gas
production.

Overview
Sub-Saharan Africa has 221.6
trillion cubic feet of proved
natural gas reserves. The
Middle East has almost 13
times that amount and Eurasia
has almost 10 times that
amount.

North America
26%
Eurasia
25%
Middle East
15%
Asia &
Oceania
15%
Europe
8%
Central &
South America
5%
North Africa
5%
Sub-Saharan
Africa
1%
Global Dry Natural Gas Production in 2011
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Middle East
Eurasia
Asia & Oceania
North America
Central & South
North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe
Regional Comparison of Proved Natural Gas Reserves
trillion cubic feet
Source: Oil & Gas Journal, as of January 1, 2013; EIA, U.S. natural gas reserves, 2010
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Nigeria
66%
Equatorial
Guinea
14%
Mozambique
8%
Ivory Coast
3%
South Africa
3%
Other
6%
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
Top Natural Gas Producers in 2011
Country
Production
(billion cubic feet)
Nigeria 1,107
Equatorial Guinea 243
Mozambique 135
Ivory Coast 53
South Africa 45
Other SSA 106
Total SSA 1,690
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Natural Gas Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2002-2011
billion cubic feet
Natural gas production in Sub-Saharan
Africa grew by an annual average of 10%
over the past ten years.
Growth was led by Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea,
and Mozambique. Nigeria produces around
two-thirds of the regions natural gas,
although Nigerias production could be higher
but it flares 20-25% of its gross production.
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
Natural Gas Exports
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Sub-Saharan Africa exported 1.22 trillion cubic
feet of natural gas in 2011 via pipeline and
liquefied natural gas (LNG). Nigeria, Equatorial
Guinea, and Mozambique were the only
natural gas exporters in the region. Angola
joined the group in 2013 when it began
exporting LNG.
Mozambique
Equatorial Guinea
Nigeria
sends all exports to South Africa via pipeline
exports LNG mainly to Asia, followed by Latin America and Europe
the vast majority of natural gas exports are LNG, with small amounts exported
via the West African Gas Pipeline
Nigeria
75%
Equatorial
Guinea
15%
Mozambique
10%
Sub-Saharan Africa's Natural Gas Exports, 2011
Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics
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Nigeria was the 4
th
largest LNG exporter in the world in 2012,
accounting for 8% of total LNG exports worldwide. Nigeria
exported about 950 bcf of LNG in 2012.

0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Qatar Malaysia Australia Nigeria Indonesia
Top 5 LNG Exporters in the World, 2012
Source: FACTS Global Energy
billion cubic feet
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In 2012, Asia overtook Europe as the largest regional importer of Nigerias
LNG. This is largely due to Japan, which more than doubled its LNG imports
from Nigeria in 2012 compared with the previous year.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Nigeria's LNG exports, by region, 2008-2012
Note: Unplanned production disruptions curtailed LNG exports in 2009 when the Soku gas processing plant was intermittently closed due to pipeline damage
caused by condensate theft.
Source: FACTS Global Energy and BP Statstical Review
billion cubic feet
Total Exports
Europe
Asia
North America
South America
Middle East
For more information
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U.S. Energy Information Administration home page | www.eia.gov
Country Analysis Briefs| http://www.eia.gov/countries/
Annual Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo
Short-Term Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo
International Energy Outlook | www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo
Today In Energy | www.eia.gov/todayinenergy
Monthly Energy Review | www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly
Annual Energy Review | www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual

Supplemental Slides
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Liquid fuels production in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to grow
by an annual average of 1% from 2010 to 2040. The region is
expected to account for 7% of world supply growth during that
period.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Liquid Fuels Production, 2010 - 2040
million barrels per day
Sub-Saharan Africa
Total World
Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook, 2013
projections
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OPEC West Africa leads projected liquid fuels production in Sub-
Saharan Africa, accounting for 75% of the regions total production
growth from 2010 to 2040.
OPEC West Africa is expected to account for 10% of total OPEC growth from 2010 to 2040.
Non-OPEC Sub-Saharan Africa is forecast to account for 3% of total non-OPEC growth during
that period.

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Liquid Fuels Production in OPEC and non-OPEC Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook, 2013
million barrels per day
projections
non-OPEC Sub-Saharan Africa
OPEC West Africa
Total Sub-Saharan Africa
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Dry Natural Gas Production in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2010-2040
trillion cubic feet
projections
Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook, 2013
Total
West Africa
East Africa
Other
Natural gas production in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to grow
at an annual average rate of around 5% from 2010 to 2040.
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West Africa is projected to dominate natural gas production in
Sub-Saharan Africa in the long term, accounting for 81% of the
regions natural gas growth from 2010 to 2040.
Nigeria
82%
Angola
6%
Cameroon
2%
Mozambique
2%
Congo
(Brazzaville)
1%
Other
7%
Proved Reserves of Natural Gas, 2013
Source: Oil & Gas Journal, as of January 1, 2013
Nigeria is the 9th largest holder of proved
natural gas reserves in the world. The
country currently holds 182 trillion cubic
feet of proved natural gas reserves,
accounting for 82% of the total in Sub-
Saharan Africa.
East Africas dry natural gas production is expected to grow by an annual average of 6% from
2010 to 2040. Recent offshore discoveries in Mozambique and Tanzania are expected to
boost production in the region.
Offshore natural gas resources in Namibia and coalbed methane exploration in South Africa,
Zimbabwe, and Botswana could add to southern Africas natural gas production.