Function of the

Cardiovascular system
Departemen Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sumatera Utara

Functions of the Cardio-Vascular System
Delivery of O
2
, Glucose and other nutrients
to active tissues.
Transport of metabolites and other
substances to and from storage sites.
Transport of hormones, antibodies and other
substances to site of action.
Dr Peter K. McFawn Department of Physiology Queens University Botterell Hall 4
th
floor

pkm@post.queensu.ca http://meds.queensu.ca/physiol/underg.html


The Circulatory System
2 main divisions

Pulmonary circulation (heart lungs)
Pulmonary artery: deoxygenated blood from the heart to
the lungs
Pulmonary vein: oxygenated blood from the lungs to the
heart
Systemic circulation: (Heart rest of the body)
Aorta: feeds oxygenated (arterial) blood to the body
Venae cavae: returns deoxygenated (venous) blood
from the body


Histology of cardiac muscle
Two classes of cardiac muscle cells
1) Specialized muscle cells of conducting
system
2) Contractile cells
Conducting System of the Heart
AV Node
Posterior Inferior Fascicle
Anterior Superior Fascicle
Septal Depolarization Fibers
Purkinjie Fibers
Inter- nodal Tracts
Bundle of HIS
Left Bundle
Branch
Right Bundle
Branch
SA Node


Autorhytmic cells begin depolarizing due to a slow continuous
influx of sodium and reduced efflux of potassium
When threshold is reached, the fast calcium channel
open, and calcium rushes in

Reversal of membrane potential triggers opening of potassium
channels, resulting in rapid efflux of potassium
Diagram of the membrane potential of
pacemaker tissue.





ELECTRICAL
PROPERTIES
The resting membrane
potential -90 mV

Depolarization lasts about 2 ms, but plateau phase
and repolarization last 200 ms or more.
Repolarization is therefore not complete until the
contraction is half over.
Excitation (Depolarization of plasma membrane)
Opening of voltage-sensitive plasma membrane Ca
2+
channels in T tubules
Flow of Ca
2+
into cytosol
Ca
2+
binds to Ca
2+
receptor on the
external surface of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum
Opening Ca
2+
channels intrinsic
to these receptors
Flow of Ca
2+
into cytosol
Cytosol Ca
2+
concentration
Contraction
Relation of Tension to Length in Cardiac
Muscle
Starling's law of the heart or Frank-
Starling law = "energy of contraction is
proportional to the initial length of cardiac
muscle fiber."
Kesanggupan intrinsik jantung untuk penyesuaian
diri terhadap beban yang berbeda
Dalam batas fisiologis jantung akan
memompakan semua darah yang masuk kedalam
jantung tanpa menimbulkan penumpukan darah
berlebihan. Ini disebabkan oleh peregangan yang
ditimbulkan volume darah yang masuk
menyebabkan kekuatan kontraksi bertambah.


Frank StarlingS LAW
Kurva Frank Starling
S
t
r
o
k
e

v
o
l
u
m
e

End Diastolic Volume
STRETCHI NG OF MYOCARD
Total blood
volume
Body
position
Intrathoracic
pressure
Atrial
contribution to
ventr.filling
Pumping action of
skletal muscle
Venous tone
Intrapericardial
pressure

= Length of muscle fiber = preload
Kurva Frank Starling
S
t
r
o
k
e

v
o
l
u
m
e

End Diastolic Volume
Normal
Stimulasi
Adrenergik
Fungsi jantung
Syok
Kardiogenik
Myocardial Contractility