Profit and Loss: Pratyush at Toughest Questions

Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
Profit and Loss

PROFIT
=
SP - CP
LOSS
=
CP - SP
A cloth merchant bought
20 shirts, each @ Rs 180.
He paid Rs 100 as octroi
charges. He sold each of
them for Rs 203.50. Find
his % profit
Total cost =
cost of 20 shirts + Rs 100
= 3700
Cost / Shirt = 3700/20 = 185.
Selling price = 203.50.
Profit = 203.5 - 185 = 18.50
% Profit = (18.50/185) *100
= 10%
X purchased 2 watches @
the same price, sold one
@ a profit of 10% and the
other @ 12.5%. If the
difference between the
two SP is Rs 15, what is
the the CP of each?
Let the CP of the watch = 100
the SP of 1
st
watch = 110 &
the SP of 2
nd
watch = 112.5.
If the difference in the SP = 2.5,
then the CP = 100;
if the difference in SP = 15,
the CP = (100 * 15) / 2.5 = 600
A fruit vendor buys apples
@ a score for Rs 175, and
sells them @ a dozen for
Rs 114. What was the
percentage of gain or
loss?
CP = Rs.175/score
CP/Pineapple = 175/20 = 8.75
(Note: 1 score = 20)
SP = Rs 114/dozen
SP/Pineapple = 114/12 = 9.5
Profit = 0.75
% Profit = (0.75/8.75)*100
= 8
4
/
7
%
A man sells two tables at
the same price. On one
he makes a profit of 10%
and on the other he
makes a loss of 10%.
If the SP of the tables was
Rs 1000 each, what was
the profit / loss in Rs and
what was the CP of each
of the tables?
Net loss = % = 1% loss
If SP = A, the amount of loss =
2p
2
A / (100
2
- p
2
)
As the selling price = 1000, loss
=2*10
2
*1000 / 100
2
- 10
2

=2000/99 = 20
20
/
99

Cost price of the item sold on
profit
CP (1 + 0.1) = 1000.
CP = 1000/1.1 = 909
1
/
11

Cost price of the item sold on
loss
CP (1 - 0.1) = 1000.
CP = 1000/0.9= 1111.11
A floppy disc drive is sold
for Rs 935 at a profit of
10%. What would have
been the actual profit or
loss if it had been sold at
Rs 807.50?
CP (1.1) = 935.
CP =935/1.1 = 850
If SP = Rs.807.50, then loss =
850 - 807.50 = 42.50
% Loss = (42.5/850)*100 = 5%
Profit obtained by selling a
wrist watch at Rs 160 is
equal to
7
/
5
th
of the profit
obtained by selling the
same wrist watch at Rs
150. What is the CP?
Let the cost of a watch be X
(160 - X) = 7/5* (150 - X)
800 - 5X = 1050 - 7X.
2X = 250
X = Rs.125
R buys 20 kg of rice @ Rs
1.50/kg, and another 40
kg @ Rs 0.90/kg. R mixes
them and sells 1/3
rd
of the
mixture @ Re 1/kg.
At what price should R
sell the remaining to get a
overall profit of 25%?
Total cost for the entire quantity
of rice = 20*1.5 + 40*0.9 = 66
If Rs profit is 25% then the
sales realization = 1.25 * 66 =
82.50
R sells 20 kg at Re 1/kg =
Rs.20.
Therefore to make the required
profit, R should sell the
remaining 40 kg at
(82.50 - 20) = Rs.62.50
The SP of a kg of rice for the
remaining 40 kgs =62.5/40 =
1.5625
2000 copies of a book are
printed at Rs 8000. What
should be the list price if
the publisher wants 50%
profit after giving a 20%
discount on the list price?
CP per book = 4
Profit to be made = 50%
SP = 1.5 * 4 = 6
Rs.6 should be the net price to
the publisher after a 20%
discount on the list price.
i.e List price * 0.8 = 6
List price = 6/0.8 = Rs.7.5
What should each of the
sixty T-Shirts be sold at,
(the CP of each is Rs.25),
so as to get a profit equal
to the SP of 10 of them?
SP of 10 T-Shirts =
(SP of 60 T-Shirts) -
(CP of 60 T-Shirts)
10 SP = 60 SP - 60 * 25
50 SP = 1500 SP = Rs.30

5/8
th
of 160 chairs were
sold @ profit of Rs.25 and
the rest for Rs.8200. If the
seller makes 25% profit in
the transaction, what is
the CP of each?
100 chairs were sold at a profit
of Rs.25 each. profit on these
100 chairs = 2500
S.P of all 160 chairs = C.P of
100 chairs + Profit on 100
chairs + S.P of 60 chairs
= 100 * C.P + 2500 + 8700 =
100 * C.P +10700
But these 160 chairs were sold
at a profit of 25%.
SP = 1.25*CP
160*1.25*CP =
100*CP + 10700
200 CP = 100 CP + 10700
CP = 107
If an article is sold at a
loss of 66
2
/
3
%, what is
the loss in terms of the
selling price?
Let the C.P = 100.
Amount loss = 66
2
/
3
*SP
= 100 - 66
2
/
3
= 33
1
/
3

Loss expressed in terms of SP
= 66
2
/
3
/ 33
1
/
3
* 100 = 200%
A sells an article to B at a
profit of 5%. B sells the
same to C for Rs.1071 at
a profit of 2%. What did A
pay for it?
1071 / (1.05 * 1.02) = 1000
X buys a camera for Rs
6000 and sells it to Y @
profit of 20%. Y sells it to
X @ loss of 10%. What
was the % gain to X?
Transaction I: SP of X = CP of
Y = 1.2 * 6000 = 7200
Transaction II: SP of Y = CP of
X = 0.9 * 7200 = 6480
net profit to X = S.P
X1
- S.P
Y2
=
7200 - 6480 = 720
% profit = (720/6000)*100 =
12%
A package tour operator
allows 25% discount on
his advertised price and
then makes a profit of
20%. What is the
advertised price on which
he gains Rs.60?
Profit = 60
Net price = 1.2 (C.P) 1.2 C.P -
C.P = 60 0.2 C.P = 60 C.P =
300 and Net price = 360.
List price * (0.75) = Net price
List price =Net.price/0.75
=360/0.75 = 480
The CP of each of 1000
articles is Rs.0.85. Only
700 articles may be sold.
Fix the SP of these 700
articles so that there is a
profit of 40% on total cost.
What is profit on the CP?
CP of 1000 articles = Rs.850
SP = 1.4*CP = 1190.
As only 700 articles can be
sold, you have to get Rs.1190
SP = 1190/700= Rs1.70.
Therefore, profit = Rs 0.85 and
% profit = 0.85/0.85 *100 =
100%
A calculates % profit on
CP and R at the SP. Find
the difference between
their profits if both of them
claim to make 20% on
goods sold @ Rs.1500
Case I: C.P(1.2) = 1500.
C.P = 1250 Profit =
1500 - 1250 = Rs250
Case II: Profit = 0.2 (S.P)
= 0.2 * 1500 = Rs300
The difference in profit made by
each of the tradesmen = Rs 50
A estimates that on
inspection 20% of the
articles A produces will be
rejected. A takes an order
to supply 20,000 articles
at Rs.7.5 per item.
A estimates the profit on
the outlay to be 20% after
providing for the rejects.
Find the cost of
manufacture per article.
SP for 20,000 items = 150,000
No of items to be produced so
that after 20% rejection A still
has 20,000 items = 25,000
If A makes 20% profit, then CP
= 150000/1.2 = 125,000
Cost/item = 125000/25000 =
Rs.5
A sold computers @ profit
of 6% . Had A made a
loss of 5% instead, A
would have sold it for Rs
3850 less. What was the
CP and SP in each of the
cases?
CP (1.06) = SP
1

CP (0.95) = SP
2

SP
1
- SP
2
= 3850
CP (1.06 - 0.95) = 3850
C.P = 35,000
and SP
1
= 1.06 * 35,000 =
37,100 and SP
2
= 0.95 * 35,000
= 33,250
It was discovered that the
yard stick used by a cloth
merchant who claimed to
sell at cost price
measured only 33 inches.
What was the % profit?
the yard stick used = 33 inches,
he was measuring
33
/
36
th
=
11
/
12
th
of a yard.
if his cost was Re 1 and he sold
at Re 1, his CP was only Rs
11
/
12
and profit was Rs
1
/
12

his % profit = (
1
/
12
)

/ (
11
/
12
) =
1
/
11

= 9
1
/
11
%
A offers 25% discount on
the marked price. B offers
20% and a further
discount of 5% on that
price. As a buyer whom
should I buy from?
A: If the marked price = 100
then price to the buyer = 75.
B: If the marked price = 100,
then the net price
= 0.8 * 0.95 * 100 = 76.
I should buy from A.

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Pratyush @ Toughest Questions

Profit and Loss

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