What Is A Set?: Pratyush at Toughest Questions

Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
Sets
What is a set?
25 people are enrolled in
history, maths, or both. If
20 are in history and 18
are in maths, how many in
both history and maths?
Let those in both be n
only H = 20 - n; only M = 18 - n
only H + only M + Both = 25
(20 -n) + (18 - n) + n = 25.
So n = 13
In a certain production lot,
40% of the toys are red
and the remaining are
green. Half the toys are
small and half are large.
If 10% of the toys are red
and small, and 40 toys are
green and large, how
many of the toys are red
and large?
Make a table for the data
Red Green Total
Small 10% 50%
Large 50%
Total 40% 60% 100%

The completed table is -
Red Green Total
Small 10% 40% 50%
Large 30% 20% 50%
Total 40% 60% 100%
Since 20% of the number of
toys (let it be n) are green and
large, 0.20n = 40
(40 toys are green and large),
n = 200.
Therefore, 30% of the 200 toys,
or 60 toys are red and large
Set Jargon
Empty Set
Contains 0 elements
A B (Subset)
Every member of A part of B
A B (Union)
Set containing all of A & B
A B (Intersection)
Set containing only the
common elements of A & B
A
c
: Set containing all except A
A A = ? (Union)
A
A A = ? (Intersection)
A
(A
c
)
c
= ?
A
A B = B A ?
Yes - Cumulative Law
A (B C) = (A B) C ?
Yes - Associative Law
(AB) C = (AC) ( BC)?
Yes - Distributive Law
= (A C) ( B C)
What will (A B) C be?
Express in terms of A
c

and B
c

(A B)
c
=
A
c
B
c

(A B)
c
=
A
c
B
c

Quiz
Is A B = A
c
B
c
No
Is (A
c
B
c
)
c
= A B?
Yes
250 people use Colgate
and 120 use both Colgate
and Close Up. If 330 use
only Close Up, how many
use only Colgate?
250 - 120 = 130
In a class of 120, 55%
have taken Economics
and 65% have taken
Mathematics. How many
students have taken both
the subjects?
Common =
55 + 65 - 100 = 20%
20% of 120 = 24
Out of 100 families, 50
own radios, 75 have TVs,
and 25 have VCRs. Only
10 families have all three
and each VCR owner also
has a TV.
If 25 families have only
radio, how many have
only TV?
TV = 75. TV & VCR = 25.
Only VCR = 0
VCR-Radio but not TV = 0.
All 3 = 10.
So, Radio & TV but not VCR =
50 - 10 - 25 = 15.
Only TV = 75 - 15 - 10 - 15 =
35.
With standard weights of
0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 & 16 kg,
how many different
weights can be
measured?
6
C
1
=
6
C
5
= 6
6
C
2
=
6
C
4
= 15
6
C
3
= 20 &
6
C
6
= 1
Add all; answer is 63.
There are 6 boxes
numbered 1 to 6. Each
box is to be filled up with a
white/black ball.
Conditions:
1) at least one box should
contain a black ball
2) the boxes containing
black balls are adjacent.

What is the total number of
ways in which this can be
done?
The answer is
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6.
(All black balls can be arranged
in one way. 5 black can be
arranged in 2 ways. 4 black can
be arranged in 3 ways and so
on.)
The population of a town
is 35,000. If the number of
men by 6% and that of
women by 4%, the
population would become
36,800. How many men
are there ?
M + W = 35000
(1.06)M + (1.04)W = 36800.
So, M = 20000.
A group of students
decided to contribute and
buy a tape recorder
costing $1800. At the last
moment, two of them
backed out.
As a result, the remaining
students had to add
another $10 each. How
much did each student
plan to contribute
originally?
10 + 1800/x = 1800/(x - 2)
Solve for x,
x= 20
Initial contribution
1800/20 = 90
You have reached Utopia
where you find 2 stones,
rubies and emeralds,
worth $4 m and $5 m
respectively and their
weights are 0.3 kg and 0.4
kg respectively.
You can carry maximum
12 kg. How many rubies
and emeralds would you
carry to maximize the
profit?
The value per unit weight is
4/0.3 and 5/0.4; that is, 13.33
and 12.5 for rubies and
emeralds respectively. So to
maximize total value carry only
rubies.
2 friends are going down
the descending escalator.
Sam walked down, taking
50 steps to reach the
bottom; Spade ran down,
taking 75.
If Spade ran 3 steps in the
time it took Sam to walk 1,
how many steps are
visible when the escalator
is stopped?
Let no. of steps = x
When Sam walked 50 steps,
the escalator had covered x-50
steps. Ratio of elevator speed
to Sams speed is x-50 : 50
Similarly ratio of elevator speed
to Spades speed is x-75 : 75
Combining the two above, we
get ratio of Sams to Spades
speed as x-50 : 50 x-75 : 75
= [(x-50) x 75] / [(x-75) x 50]
But we know that this is = 3:1
Combining both, we get x = 100
You are in a band of
1,000 prisoners to be
executed. The prisoners
are standing in a single
line.
The first one will be shot,
followed by every
alternate one until one
remains and will be freed.
Which number would you
choose?
In the 1st lot, all the odd
numbered prisoners go . In
the 2nd lot, 2 and all the
multiples of 2 but not of 4 go .
In the next lot, those who
remain are the ones whose
numbers are divisible by 8.
In the next lot, the ones who
remain are 16 and multiples
of 16. This goes on till the last
one remains, who has a
number divisible by 256. The
last 3 will be 256, 512 and 768.
So, choose 512.

What Is A Set?: Pratyush at Toughest Questions

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

What Is A Set?: Pratyush at Toughest Questions

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Pratyush @ Toughest Questions

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen