Monothongs/ pure vowels - Long and short vowel sounds
Combination sounds - Diphthongs - Thiphthongs Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Agenda Vowel sounds Monothongs Diphthongs Practice Monothongs Practice Diphthongs Word stress Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Monothongs The Vowel sounds are paired as short & long.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Short Vowel sounds Long Vowel sound i (ih) - Fish, Pig, Kitten i: (ee) - Key, Bee, Feet (erh) - Computer, producer, over : (uhh) bird, thirteen, curd (Ah) cub, butter, punch a: (aah) car, dark, blast (uh) Good, Pudding, Would u: (ooh) blue, shoe, do D (Aw) - Dog, Frog, Block : (oo) door, more, four (ae)- Map, Cat, Rat e(eh) - Egg, Bell, Elephant Agenda Vowel sounds Monothongs Diphthongs Practice Monothongs Practice Diphthongs Word stress Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Diphthongs Combination of two vowel sounds. [a] as in house (auw) [a] as in kite (i) [e] as in same (ay) [ju] as in few (eu) [] as in join (oi) [] as in fear (ea) [] as in hair (ae) [] as in tour, poor (ooah) Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Agenda Vowel sounds Monothongs Diphthongs Practice Monothongs Practice Diphthongs Word stress Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice e Sound
He led the lad home. Anna sat down after losing the first set. Lets bet on Sachins bat. He went to bed with a bad cold. She was happy to go out with her hen-pecked husband.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice i i:Sound
These shoes fit my feet. She had a meal at the mill. There are sheep on the ship. Give me a kiss for the keys. The beat was a bit strong.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice and : sound
The bird flew over the car. The girl shook hands with the director. He bought a dozen of curd packets. I heard him talk about the procedure. That dress compliments her figure.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice and a: sound
She threw the cup into the car. I have a gut feeling that he will come last. Complete your tasks on time. He pointed a gun at the masked man. Utter the word cast with me. Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice and u: sound
That was a good move. He grew up in the woods. Who would be the class leader? Look for the loop hole. There is too much information in the book.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice D and : sound
Four dogs chased me down the alley. We need more clocks in the house. Do not touch the hot ore. Author told the story is over. The cot is low.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Agenda Vowel sounds Monothongs Diphthongs Practice Monothongs Practice Diphthongs Word stress Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Tie new coin night Dear cow bear gate Paid decoy join height Tour care dew sane Poor ground where beer Boy way here sure Hair conjure deer queue Buy few down town
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Practice - Diphthong Practice Diphthong rearranged down cow ground town tie buy height night way paid gate sane few new dew queue join boy coin decoy deer dear here beer hair where care bear tour poor sure conjure
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Common confusables [] and []
AIR EAR Care, chair, Clair Clear, cheer Glare Gear Lair Leer Pare, pair, pear Peer, pier Tear, there, their Tear, tier Dare Deer, dear Bare, bear Beer Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Agenda Vowel sounds Monothongs Diphthongs Practice Monothongs Practice Diphthongs Word stress Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress Let us look at examples:
1. I didnt say he stole the money 2. I didnt say he stole the money 3. I didnt say he stole the money 4. I didnt say he stole the money 5. I didnt say he stole the money 6. I didnt say he stole the money 7. I didnt say he stole the money
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Let us look at the sentences again:
1. I didnt say he stole the money - someone else did 2. I didnt say he stole the money- thats not true at all 3. I didnt say he stole the money- I only suggested it 4. I didnt say he stole the money- someone else took it 5. I didnt say he stole the money- he may have borrowed 6. I didnt say he stole the money- but rather some other money 7. I didnt say he stole the money- He may have taken jewelry
Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words.
She learned cooking but never used that skill. She studied French but did not enjoy it. Mary speaks Spanish but she teaches Portuguese.
Contrasts are stressed because they denote two opposite meanings, and therefore require emphasis.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Word stress - techniques Rule 2: opinions
I believe he is intelligent but you may differ from me
It looks like a gun but it is a dummy.
I feel they are extremely happy about the incident.
Opinions are stressed since they denote strong perceptions. However, if there are nouns in the sentence, the nouns get more emphasis than the verbs.
Harry believes he is intelligent but you may differ from him.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 3: Negation and contractions.
I cant do anything about it I wont do it for a million bucks She shouldnt be going out alone
All contractions are not stressed. Only the ones which carry the essence of negation. Otherwise, the words that indicates proposition are stressed.
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 4: Adjective phrases.
A beautiful girl A lovely rose A delicious meal A refreshing drink An amazing journey The lonely man
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 5: Compound Noun phrases / combination words & acronyms.
A hotdog A businessman A matchstick
The stress falls on the first word
CIA ISI CGPA GPRS In acronyms, the last letter will be stressed. Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 6: word stress
There is only one syllable in a word that gets stressed
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Organize Organization Industry Industrial Industrialization Technology Technological Represent Representative Representation Atom Atomic Communicate Communication Photograph Photographer Rule 6: word stress tips Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI -ology -tion -lity -ic/-ics -ical
Basically Official Financially Pious Kilometer Statistically Commercial Essentially Obvious Thermometer Logically Crucial Substantially Notorious Odometer Practically Artificial Commercially Ceremonious Barometer Economically Facial Conscious Speedometer Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 7: In long phrases/ sentences, do not use exactly the same level of intonation to stress words twice in a row.
I tried to cook a delicious meal for her Our meeting schedule is flexible this afternoon
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 8: With close ended questions (When answer is a Yes or No), intonation rises at the end of the Question.
Are you married?
With open ended questions (That cannot be answered in a yes or no), the intonation drops at the end of the statement or though group.
How Long have your worked?
Three Years
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 1: contrasting words Rule 2: opinions Rule 3: Negation and contractions Rule 4: Adjective phrases Rule 5: Compound Noun / combination words & acronyms Rule 6: word stress Rule 7: Long phrases/ sentences Rule 8: With close ended and open ended questions Rule 9: Choices
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Rule 9: Choices
Stress will rise on the first choice or all the choices before the last one and down/ no stress for the final option to indicate end of the choices.
Do you want red, black or yellow?
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Word stress - techniques Practice word stress I attended the seminar by my favorite speaker. During the seminar, he looked intensely at me, but did not talk to me. So I thought I should volunteer and went near him to talk. But he wouldnt open his mouth to talk to me. I was completely embarrassed. I requested the housekeeper to arrange a different seat for me in the last row, though the discussion topic was the DNA of my research work. After the seminar, I asked him do you really not talk to any audience? and he answered yes and I asked him why is it so?, but he did not answer. So, I asked him do you want to talk to me, or not?
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Agenda Vowel sounds Monothongs Diphthongs Practice Monothongs Practice Diphthongs Word stress Intonation
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Intonation Rise and fall in pitch is intonation.
A. He is going tomorrow. :CORRECT B. He is going tomorrow? : INCORRECT
A drops at the end, making it a statement. B rises at the end, making it a question.
The distinctive use of different patterns of pitch that carry meaningful information. Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Fall: neutral statement, conclusion Have you seen Kamal?
Yes. (Falling intonation)
Indicates - I have answered your question and do not intend to add anything else Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Rise: questioning, doubt, desire to continue conversation Have you seen kamal lately?
Yes (Rising intonation)
Indicates - I want to continue the conversation, I am curious) Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Rise-Fall: emphatic statement, irritation, command Do I really have to clean my room?
Yes!
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Fall-Rise: surprise, scepticism Kamal and Priya were on good terms at the party.
Really!
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Level: boredom, lack of interest Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Can you remember Kamal, the host for our college annual function?
Yes.
Types of intonation Fall Rise Rise - Fall Fall - Rise Level Complex (in long phrases and sentences)
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Sentence stress Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Has focus word intonation on focus word depending on what message needs to be conveyed.
Focus word Yes; Rise fall (emphatic statement, irritation, command) Focus word Yes Head adds meaning to the sentence and is stressed. Head Told ; all the words that follow the head word will have same level pitch. Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Sentence stress Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Focus word Yes; words that follow will have end intonation pattern of the focus word.
Head Told ; all the words that follow the head word will have same level pitch.
Rise Fall (Irritation) Sentence stress Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Sentence stress Focus word Told (rise fall) - Empathy Sentence stress fall rise (Surprised, Shocked) Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Focus word might + buy If 1 st focus word is rise-fall then, 2 nd word will follow opposite fall-rise. Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Sentence stress rise fall Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Focus word might +buy Words between 1 st & 2 nd focus words will follow the end intonation of the focus word before them. Sentence stress distanced focus word Practice Intonation 1. The first student to finish can go early 2. Sadly, Maurice has gone away 3. The person who was watching me left a ticket behind 4. Alan couldn't make it so Ken took his place
Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Questions! ??????? Dr.Agna Fernandez,FPM-XLRI Thank you