Some important terms

Stimulus- any external or internal factor that causes a

living organism to react is called a stimulus. (Pl:
stimuli)
Response- the specific reaction shown by a living
organism towards a stimulus
Impulse- a electrical wave of excitation or irritation
that travels across a neuron and carries specific
messages.
Some important terms
Receptors- group of organs that
receive sensory impulses and
convey them to the brain
Effectors- group of organs that
show responses to a specific
stimulus
Neuron-
The fundamental structural and functional unit of the
nervous system that carries impulses across the body.

Structure of a neuron
A neuron is made up of two main parts;
a) Cyton
b) Axon

Cyton also called cell body, this part of neuron
contains a large prominent nucleus in the center.
The cell membrane is branched into several cytoplasmic
branches called dendrites.
Dendrites receive the impulses.
Structure of a neuron
The cytoplasm is called neuroplasm.
Inside the neuroplasm are scattered several stainable
granules called Nissl granules.

B) Axon The long cytoplasmic projection of the neuron that
extends from the cell body.
An axon is covered by an insulating membrane called
Neurolemna.
Axons carry the impulse they receive from the cyton. They
usually terminate into another neuron or an organ or gland
or muscle.



Structure of a neuron
In some neuron there is an additional envelop inside the
neurolemna called the Myelin sheath which help in
faster conduction of the impulse. Such neurons are
called myelinated neurons and are mostly present in
cerebral medulla.
Impulse always travels from Cyton to Axon.
Types of Neurons
Sensory neurons- Those neurons that carry impulses
from the receptors (sense organs)to the brain. These
impulses are sensory in nature.
Motor neurons- Those neurons that carry impulses
from the brain to the effectors . These impulses are
motor in nature.
Associated neurons- They are also called mixed
neurons as they carry impulses both to and from the
brain.
Types of Neurons
Sensory
Motor
Interneuron
Nerves
A bundle of neurons with a common envelop around the
axons called nerve membrane.
A nerve provides a
common pathway for the
electrochemical nerve
impulses that are
transmitted along each of
the axons
Types of Nerves
Sensory nerves- Those nerves that carry impulses from
the receptors (sense organs)to the brain. These
impulses are sensory in nature.
Motor nerves- Those nerves that carry impulses from
the brain to the effectors . These impulses are motor in
nature.
Mixed nerves- They are also called mixed nerves as
they carry impulses both to and from the brain. They
are also called spinal nerves.

Classification of the Human
Nervous System
The human Nervous System is classified into three
major divisions-

The Central Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Autonomous Nervous System
Central Nervous System
The CNS constitutes the main division of the Nervous
system in Human Beings.
It comprises of two main organs concerned with
control and coordination-
A) The Brain
B) The Spinal Cord.
The Brain
Location: Head region
Protection: a) Body protection made up of immobile
bones that make up the skull. The skull is also called
the Cranium.
b) Membranous protection in the form of three
membranes called the meninges. These three layers are
called Dura mater, Arachnoid mater and Pia mater.

Meninges of the Brain
Parts of the Brain
Fore- Brain
The fore brain makes up the largest part of the brain.
The forebrain consists of
the cerebrum,
thalamus,
and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system)
Fore Brain
Olfactory lobes:
Two small lobe
like structures
situated in the
lower part of the
anterior brain.

Controls the
sense of smell
Submitted To: Gurinder Kang

Submitted By:
Harpreet Kaur
10
th
C
Roll No. 18