Linux Installation by Quontra Solutions

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IT Online Training
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Unit 1: Overview of Linux: History,
Characteristics, and Installation
Objectives
1: Describe the history and unique characteristics of the
Linux operating system.
1.1: Identify the events that led to the development of Linux.
1.2: Identify the characteristics of Linux that contribute to its
popularity.
2: Create a dual-boot environment with Linux and
Microsoft Windows.
2.1: Identify and use the partition types on a computer.
2.3: Identify the features of the Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
subsystem in Linux.
2.4: Partition a drive correctly for a Windows/Linux dual boot.
2.5: Install and configure Linux into a dual-boot environment.
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Licenses that govern Linux and free
and open-source software
There is a difference between free software and
open-source software. Both use the same license
the GPL. However, free software helps users focus
on freedom and ethics but open-source software is
related to the efficiencies gained by the free-software
approach to development.
What is Free Software?
Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To
understand the concept, you should think of free as in
free speech, not as in free beer.
Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run,
copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.
More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the
users of the software:
The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom
0).
The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it
to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.
The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
The freedom to improve the program, and release your
improvements to the public, so that the whole community
benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.
The Open Source Definition

Open source doesn't just mean access to the source
code. The distribution terms of open-source software
must comply with the following criteria:
http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd
1. Free Redistribution

The license shall not restrict any party from selling or
giving away the software as a component of an
aggregate software distribution containing programs
from several different sources. The license shall not
require a royalty or other fee for such sale.
2. Source Code

The program must include source code, and must allow
distribution in source code as well as compiled form.
Where some form of a product is not distributed with
source code, there must be a well-publicized means of
obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable
reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet
without charge. The source code must be the preferred
form in which a programmer would modify the program.
Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed.
Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor
or translator are not allowed.
3. Derived Works

The license must allow modifications and derived
works, and must allow them to be distributed under
the same terms as the license of the original
software.
4. Integrity of The Author's Source
Code

The license may restrict source-code from being
distributed in modified form only if the license allows
the distribution of "patch files" with the source code
for the purpose of modifying the program at build
time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of
software built from modified source code. The
license may require derived works to carry a different
name or version number from the original software.

5. No Discrimination Against
Persons or Groups

The license must not discriminate against any
person or group of persons.
6. No Discrimination Against Fields
of Endeavor

The license must not restrict anyone from making
use of the program in a specific field of endeavor.
For example, it may not restrict the program from
being used in a business, or from being used for
genetic research.

7. Distribution of License

The rights attached to the program must apply to all
to whom the program is redistributed without the
need for execution of an additional license by those
parties.
8. License Must Not Be Specific to a
Product

The rights attached to the program must not depend
on the program's being part of a particular software
distribution. If the program is extracted from that
distribution and used or distributed within the terms
of the program's license, all parties to whom the
program is redistributed should have the same rights
as those that are granted in conjunction with the
original software distribution.
9. License Must Not Restrict Other
Software

The license must not place restrictions on other
software that is distributed along with the licensed
software. For example, the license must not insist
that all other programs distributed on the same
medium must be open-source software.
10. License Must Be Technology-
Neutral

No provision of the license may be predicated on
any individual technology or style of interface.
What is GNU?

The name GNU is a recursive acronym
for GNU's Not Unix; it is pronounced g-noo,
as one syllable with no vowel sound between the
g and the n.
The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to
develop a complete Unix-like operating system
which is free software: the GNU system.
GNU's kernel isn't finished, so GNU is used with
the kernel Linux. The combination of GNU and
Linux is the GNU/Linux operating system, now
used by millions.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft
license for software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works
are designed to take away your freedom to share and
change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share
and change all versions of a program--to make sure it
remains free software for all its users. We, the Free
Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public
License for most of our software; it applies also to any
other work released this way by its authors. You can
apply it to your programs, too.
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
Other types of licenses
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
Microsoft End-User License Agreement (EULA).
Insert CD. Reboot Machine. You'll be presented with
a very nice Fedora artwork GRUB splash and some
options.
Select the 'Skip' option when you'll be asked if you
want to check the media before installation and
press ENTER:

Anaconda (the Fedora installer) will load and you'll
see the welcome screen. Click Next:

Choose your language:

Choose your keyboard layout:

Now, if you have an empty hard drive, all you have to
do is click Next (make sure the "Remove Linux
partitions on selected drives and create default
layout" option is selected).
If you don't have an empty hard drive and you still
want to install Fedora 8 on your machine, then make
sure you select the "Use free space on the selected
drives and create default layout" option (10 GB
minimum free space is required). Click Next:

Disk Partitioning Swap
The default partitioning schema is
displayed. This screen allows you to
make changes to the schema. The
partitioning schema will depend on
the purpose of your Linux system. In
this configuration we will create three
partitions for swap, /boot, and /.
Swap is used as virtual memory space
for an operating system. Swap should
be configured for 2 times the amount
of RAM or 2GB maximum.

Select the free space then click New.
Select swap as the File System Type
Set Size to 1024MB (or twice your
RAM size)
Click OK.
Disk Partitioning /boot and /
Create the /boot partition. /boot
contains boot specific files and
usually needs about 100MB.
Select /boot as the mount point
Set the Size to 100MB.
Click OK
Create the / partition. The
remainder of the disk space will
use the / partition.
Select / as the mount point
Set the Size to the remainder of
space available (Fill to maximum
allowable)
Click OK
Click OK
allowable)
Click OK
Disk Partition Completion
When you complete your manual
configuration you should see the
three partitions you created.
Changes can be made as
necessary. Tab or point to
Next and select.
Click OK
allowable)
Click OK
The primary and extended partitions from
the example
Boot Loader Configuration
The default boot loader is
GRUB. If you have more
than one boot partition you
can select which you want to
use as the default. In this
case the partition identified
as Other is your existing
Windows partition and the
Linux partition is identified as
Fedora Core. Ensure Fedora
Core is selected as the
default. You may also select
a boot loader password and
configure boot loader
options. Tab or point to Next
and select.
The boot loader is similar to a traffic officer, pointing
the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) to the
operating system that it must load.
People who are used to running only Windows
may not be familiar with the Windows boot loader
(ntldr). Until Windows Vista was developed, ntldr
was not designed to support other operating
systems. However, we will be dual-booting
between Windows and Linux in this course. We
will use the GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)
to accomplish this because the Windows
XP/2003 boot loader cannot accommodate other
operating systems.
If you have a DHCP network (dynamic IP address)
you can click Next right now,
if you have a static IP address click the "Edit" button
When you're done with the network configuration,
click Next and you will be asked to select your
location (country/city):

Once you've selected your timezone, click next and
you must enter the root (System Administrator)
password. The longer, the better (WRITE IT
SOMEWHERE OR MEMORIZE IT):

Now you can select the desired packages (or not):

Hit the Next button and everything will be done
automatically from now on. The installation process
will take about 8-10 minutes (depending on your
computer specs and the selected packages).

When the installation is over, you will get a
"Congratulations, the installation is complete"
screen. Click the 'Finish' button and your computer
will automatically reboot:

Remove the DVD from your optical drive and your
brand new Fedora 8 Linux operating system will
start for the first time:

Before you reach the Fedora desktop, you must do a
one-time general system configuration:

1. Accept the license (it's free, don't worry) and click
Forward.

2. Configure your firewall. By default, SSH is
checked but if you don't use it, uncheck it!

3. SELinux defaults to (Enforcing), change it and
click the 'Forward' button.

4. Make sure the date and time are correctly setup.

5. Dont submit your hardware profile to the Fedora
Project to help focus their efforts on popular
hardware and platforms.
6. Create a user account.

That's it! Now log in to your new Linux OS (with the
user and password you've just created):

and enjoy the ultimate, spectacular, breathtaking
Fedora 8 distribution.


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