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STATUTORY

CONSTRUCTION
By
NESTOR P. MONDOK
STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION
DEFINITION: it is the act or process of
ascertaining the intention of the authors of the
law with respect to its application to a given
case, where the intention is rendered doubtful,
aong others, b! reason of the fact that the
given case is not e"plicitl! provided for in the
law#

Act or process

Ascertainin

Intention o! a"t#or o! t#e $a%

A&'i"ity
(ea$ )er&ene"tics

Branc# o! science*+"rispr",ence

Esta'$is# r"$es- princip$es- .n

Interpretation or constr"ction

(ea$ te/t or ,oc"&ent


E/eesis

App$ication

Princip$e- r"$es- etc. o! $ea$ #er&ene"tics

0i1en case
T2O PROCESSES
INT$R%R$TATION CONSTRUCTION

INTRINSIC AID
3 t#ose !o"n, in t#e $a%
itse$!.

E4TRINSIC AID
3 t#ose !o"n, o"tsi,e t#e
$an"ae o! t#e $a%.
INTRINSIC AID

DEFINITION3 It is %#at yo" see in t#e $a% itse$!


an, inc$",es t#e !o$$o%in:

Tit$e

Prea&'$e

2or,s- p#rases- an, sentences- conte/t

P"nct"ations

)ea,in an, &arina$ notes

(eis$ati1e ,e5nition an, interpretation


Note: T#e ,i6erent parts o! a $a% an, t#eir
!"nctions.
E4TRINSIC AIDS

De5nition3 It is %#at yo" see o"tsi,e t#e !o"r


corners o! t#e $a% %#ic# inc$",es t#e !o$$o%in:

Conte&poraneo"s circ"&stances

Po$icy

(eis$ati1e #istory o! t#e stat"te.

Conte&poraneo"s an, practica$ constr"ction

E/ec"ti1e constr"ction

(eis$ati1e constr"ction

7",icia$ constr"ction

Constr"ction 'y t#e BAR an, (ea$


Co&&entators
Art or process o! stat"tory
constr"ction
a&'i"ity
interpretatio
n
constr"ction
Intrinsic
ai,
princip$e
E/trinsic
ai,
princip$e
Intention
(ea$ #er&ene"tics
princip$es
E/eesis
APP(ICATION
Facts o! t#e
case
(a%*
Princip$e
Decision
(a% as
interprete, or
constr"e,
P8 P9
SPEEC) IS T)E INDE4 OF
INTENTION
:INDE4 ANIMI SERMO EST;
&O%TI'A STATU(I INT$R%R$TATI) $ST I%SU' STATUTU'* the best
interpreter of a statute is the statute itself#
&A+SO(UT$ S$NT$NCIA $)%OSITOR$ NON IN,I-$T* when the language of the
law is clear no e"planation of it is re.uired#
&/$R+A ($-IS 0%(AIN (AN-UA-$ RU($1
If the statute is clear, plain and free fro
abiguit!, it ust be given its literal
eaning and applied without attepted
interpretation#
The language of the statute a2ords the best
eans of its e"position and legislative intent
ust be deterined priaril! therefro#
<ERBA (E0IS

PRESUMPTION

T)E AUT)OR OF T)E (A2 IS PRESUMED:

TO KNO2 T)E RU(ES OF 0RAMMAR OF T)E (AN0UA0E


USED=

TO KNO2 T)E MEANIN0 OF T)E 2ORDS- AND USED IT


ACCORDIN0(Y= AND

T)AT T)E 2ORD IS USED IN ITS P(AIN- COMMON AND


ORDINARY MEANIN0 0%(AIN3CO''ON '$ANIN- RU($)

UNLESS ANOTHER MEANING IS INTENDED AS S)O2N BY


T)E (A2 ITSE(F 0S%$$C4 IS T4$ IN,$) O5 INT$NTION1#
<ERBA (E0IS

$"tension6 0%lain3Coon 'eaning Rule1


&U+I ($) NON ,ISTIN-UIT N$A NOS
,ISTIN-U$R$ ,$+$'OS* when the law does not
distinguish, we should not distinguish#
&-$N$RA(IA /$R+A SUN -$N$RA(IT$R
INT$(I-$NCIA* what is generall! spo7en shall be
generall! understood#
$)C$%TION6
$8US,$' -$N$RIS
NOSCITUR A SOCIIS

$"ception6 0%lain3Coon 'eaning Rule1* S%$$C4 IS T4$ IN,$) O5 INT$NTION


INT$R%R$TATI/$ C(AUS$
T$C4NICA( or ($-A( 9OR,S3T$R'S3CONC$%TS
,$CISIONS O5 T4$ SU%R$'$ COURT

SPEEC) IS T)E INDE4 OF
INTENTION
INTERPRETATION
FIRST
BEFORE
CONSTRUCTION
INTERPRETATION
INTRINSIC AIDS
T)EN
AND
CONSTRUCTION
E4TRINSIC AID
<ERBA (E0IS
PRESUMPTION
E4TENSION
E4CEPTION
BASIC RU(E
'$NS
($-IS(ATOR$S
By
Nestor P. Mon,o>
By t#is princip$e- t#e co"rts s#o"$, $oo> into t#e o'+ect to 'e
acco&p$is#e,- t#e e1i$s an, &isc#ie! to 'e re&e,ie,- or t#e
p"rpose to 'e s"'3ser1e,.
T#e co"rt s#o"$, i1e t#e stat"te a reasona'$e or $i'era$
constr"ction %#ic# %i$$ 'est e6ects its p"rpose rat#er t#an
one %#ic# %i$$ ,e!eat it e1en t#o"# s"c# constr"ction is not
%it#in t#e strict $itera$ interpretation o! t#e stat"te.
T#e co"rt s#o"$, i1e t#e stat"te a reasona'$e or $i'era$
constr"ction %#ic# %i$$ 'est e6ect its p"rpose- rat#er t#an
one %#ic# %i$$ ,e!eat it.
Re$ate, &a/i&: RATIO (E0IS3 T#e spirit o! t#e $a%.
MENS (E0IS(ATORES
?INTENTION OF T)E (E0IS(ATOR@
S%$CI5IC INT$NTIONS6 0particular statute1
AOb:ect to be accoplished
&$vils and ischief to be reedied
&the purpose to be sub*served
&anner of application
-$N$RA( INT$NTIONS6 0/arious %R$SU'%TIONS CO''ON in all statutes1
*%resuption of validit!
*%resuption of Constitutionalit!
* %resuption of good faith
*presuption against in:ustice
*presuption against inconsistenc!
*presuption against absurdit!
*presuption against ine2ectiveness
*presuption against irrepealable laws
*presuption against iplied repeal
3presuption against violation of public polic!
*presuption of 7nowledge of e"isting laws
* presuption of ac.uiescence to :udicial construction
*presuption of :urisdiction
*presuption of acting within the scope of authorit!
*presuption against violation of international law
INTENTIONS OF T)E (E0IS(ATORS
&In %ari 'ateria Rule

&Statute ust be read and construed as a whole#

&(egislative intent ust be ascertained fro the statute


as a whole#

&Courts have the dut! to reconcile or haroni;e the


di2erent provisions of the statute, including the con<icting
provisions thereof#

&As a rule, statute of latter date prevails#

&-eneralia specialibus non derogant#

&Special law prevails over a general law#

&In interpreting reenacted statutes, the court will follow


the construction which statutes previousl! received#

&In case of adopted statute, the interpretation of the state


fro where it cae fro should be considered#

&In case of con<ict between a coon law principle and


statutor! provision, the latter prevails#
0ENERA( PRINCIP(ES
IN T)E CONSTRUCTION OF T)E STATUTE

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