ENTEROBACTERIACEAE

Enterobacteriaceae:
gastrointestinal diseases

 Escherichia coli
 Salmonella
 Shigella
 Yersinia
entercolitica
 Antigenic structure

– O antigen
(lipopolysaccharide ,O-specific
polysaccharide , somatic
antigen )
–H antigen (flagella, flagellar
antigen )
–K antigen (capsule,
capsular antigen)
–Vi antigen
鞭毛抗原
（H）

K 或 Vi 抗原

菌体抗原 (O)
 Growth characteristics
There is a simple distinction between
pathogenic enteric bacteria and
nonpathogenic enteric bacteria.
–Pathogenic enteric bacteria such as Shigella and
Samonella can not ferment lactose while
nonpathogenic enteric bacteria such as
Escherichia can ferment lactose.
E.coli colonies on EMB Agar.
 Growth of gram-negative bacteria
that cannot ferment lactose on EMB
agar
Virulence of enterbacteriaceae

•Pili
–adherence of bacteria to human
intestinal tract cells.
•Endotoxin
–LPS , lipid A
Diseases caused by Esherichia coli

•E.coli is a member of the normal intestinal

flora. It generally do not cause disease, and
in the intestine, it may even contribute to
normal function and nutrition.
•This bacteria become pathogenic only
when it reach tissues outsides of the normal
intestinal flora sites.
Escherichia coli
 Diseases caused by Esherichia coli
•The most frequent sites of clinically
important infection are urinary tract
infection.
•E.coli is the most common cause of urinary
tract infection and accounts for
approximately 90% of urinary tract
infections .
•Urethritis
•Cystitis
•Pyelonephritis
 Intestinal Diseases Caused by
Pathogenic E. coli
Five classes (virotypes) of E. coli that
cause diarrheal diseases are now
recognized:
1.enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC),
2.enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC),
3.enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC),
4.enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and
5. enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC).
Summary of E.coli
strains that cause
gastroenteritis.
 Sanitary significance
 Totoal bacterial number: number of
bacteria contained per ml or gm of
the sample; the standard of drinking
water is less than 100.
 Coliform bacteria index: the number
of coliform bacteria detected out per
1000 ml sample; the standard of
drinking water is less than 3
Shigella
 Shigella
 S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei,
S. dysenteriae
bacillary dysentery
shigellosis
bloody feces
intestinal pain
pus
General features

 Pili.
 Most strains can not ferment
lactose; S. sonnei can slowly_
ferment lactose.
 According to O antigen, 4 groups
 Easily causing drug-resistence.
 Shiga toxin
 enterotoxic
 cytotoxic
 inhibits protein synthesis
 lysing 28S rRNA
 Clinical significance
 The infective dose required to cause infection
is very low (10-200 organisms).
 There is an incubation of 1-7 days followed by
fever, cramping, abdominal pain, and watery
diarrhea (due to the toxin)for 1-3 days.
 This may be followed by frequent, scant
stools with blood, mucous, and pus (due to
invasion of intestinal mucosa).
 Is is rare for the organism to disseminate.
 The severity of the disease depends upon the
species one is infected with. S. dysenteria is
the most pathogenic followed by S. flexneri,
S. sonnei and S. boydii.
 Salmonella

 Salmonellosis may
present as one of
several syndromes
including
gastroenteritis,
enteric (typhoid) fever
or septicemia.
The antigenic structures of salmonellae
used in serologic typing
 Salmonella
 2000 antigenic "types”
 genetically single species
 S. enterica
 disease category
 S. enteritidis
 many serotypes
 S. cholerae-suis
 S. typhi
 Enteric or typhoid fever
 Enteric or typhoid fever occurs when the
bacteria leave the intestine and multiply
within cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
 The bacteria then re-enter the intestine,
causing gastrointestinal symptoms.
 Typhoid fever has a 10-14 day incubation
period and may last for several weeks.
 Salmonella typhi is the most common
species isolated from this salmonellosis.
 Human reservoir:carrier state common
 Contaminated food:water supply
 Poor sanitary conditions